A famous monastery

原文

The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy. At 2,473 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe. The famous monastery of St. Bernard, witch was founded in eleventh century, lies about a mile away. For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass. These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watchdogs even in Roman times. Now that a tunnel ahs been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty. Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot.

During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars. As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure. In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different. The temperature drops to -- 30 o and very few people attempt to cross the Pass. The monks prefer winter to summer of they have more privacy. The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure. The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter. These young people, who love the peace of mountains, always receive a warm welcome at St. Bernard's monastery.

译文

大圣伯纳隘口连接瑞士和意大利。它海拔2,473米,是欧洲最高的山隘。著名的圣伯纳修道院建于十一世纪,位于隘口约一英里外的地方。数百年来,圣伯纳狗一直拯救着穿越这危险隘口的旅行者。这些友好的狗最初从亚洲引进,甚至在罗马时代就被用作守卫犬。如今,一条隧道已穿越山脉,隘口不再那么危险,但每年,只要有旅行者遇险,这些狗仍会被派往雪地。尽管有了新隧道,仍有一些人贸然尝试徒步穿越隘口。

在夏季,修道院非常繁忙,因为成千上万驾车穿越隘口的人前来参观。由于人潮涌动,狗只得被关在专用围栏里。然而,到了冬季,修道院的生活大不相同。气温降至-30°C,很少有人试图穿越隘口。修道士们更喜欢冬季,因为他们能享有更多隐私。狗儿们也获得了更大的自由,因为它们被允许在围栏外游荡。冬季里,修道院的唯一固定访客是一群群滑雪者,他们在圣诞节和复活节时前来。这些热爱山间宁静的年轻人,总是在圣伯纳修道院受到热烈欢迎。

词汇表

pass

名词, 动词
英:/pɑːs/
美:/pæs/
定义
1. 山口或山隘 - A route over or through a mountain range.

例子: The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy.

例子: Hikers often use the pass to cross the Alps.

2. 通过或经过 - To move past something (as a verb).

例子: The train will pass through the tunnel soon.

例子: Time passes quickly in the mountains.

近义词
route: 更泛指任何路径或路线,常用于交通或旅行语境,而 'pass' 特指山地通道。
gap: 强调地形上的空隙或低点,常用于自然地理描述,与 'pass' 类似但更侧重于宽度。
crossing: 侧重于穿越行为,常用于河流或山脉,与 'pass' 相比更强调行动过程。
反义词:
barrier, obstacle, blockade
用法
常用于地理和旅行语境中,如 'mountain pass',表示山脉中的通道;作为动词时,常与介词如 'through' 或 'over' 搭配;文化背景中,常出现在探险或历史叙述。
形式:
复数: passes, 过去式(作为动词): passed, 现在分词(作为动词): passing

关键句型 "Now that + clause"

定义

此句型用于表示一个原因或条件已经发生,从而导致当前情况的变化。结构为:Now that(既然)+ 从句(通常是主语 + 谓语),后接主句。引用《剑桥英语语法》教材,这种句型强调从句中的动作或状态已经完成,对现在产生影响,类似于表示结果的连接词。

例如,在文章中:“Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous.” 这里,Now that 连接一个从句,突出新情况的出现。

它是一种常见的过渡句型,帮助连接过去事件与现在结果。

用法

此句型主要用于书面或口头表达中,表示因为某个事件已经发生,所以现在的情况不同了。规则:Now that 后跟一个完整的从句,通常使用现在完成时或一般过去时,然后是主句描述结果。

在语法体系中,它属于从属连词,类似于 becausesince,但更强调时间的推进和逻辑因果。横向比较:与 because 相比,Now that 更侧重于“既然已经发生”,而 because 单纯表示原因;与 after 相比,Now that 包含因果关系,而 after 只表示时间顺序。例如,Because it rained, we stayed homeNow that it has rained, the ground is wet 的区别在于,前者解释原因,后者强调结果。

跨语法联系:它常与完成时态结合(如现在完成时),学生可以联系学习其他从句,如时间从句(e.g., when, while),以理解英语中从句的多样性。

注意事项

学生容易犯的错误包括:误用时态,例如用一般过去时代替现在完成时(如 “Now that I finished my homework” 应为 “Now that I have finished my homework”),这会使句意不准确。另一个常见偏误是忽略主句与从句的逻辑连接,导致句子断续。纠正建议:总是检查从句的时态,确保它反映已完成动作,并用逗号分隔从句和主句。

提供具体例句:

错误示例:Now that the meeting ended, I go home.  // 错误:时态不一致,应用现在完成时。
正确示例:Now that the meeting has ended, I can go home.  // 正确:强调会议已结束的结果。

练习时,注意不要将 Now that 与其他连词混淆,以避免句子结构混乱。

练习

一个原创例子:假设你在讨论旅行计划,你可以说:“Now that I have booked the tickets, we can plan our itinerary.” 这贴近实际场景,帮助学生理解如何用此句型表达计划变化。学生可以替换关键词,例如将 “booked the tickets” 改为 “finished my exams” 或 “saved enough money”,然后创建新句,如:“Now that I have finished my exams, I can relax.”

通过这种替换练习,学生能在日常对话中灵活应用,例如在朋友聚会时讨论新变化,增强实际运用能力。

额外内容

背景知识:Now that 起源于英语中表示转折和结果的表达方式,在现代英语中常见于叙述性文章或演讲,以突出进展。文化背景上,英语国家喜欢用这种句型在故事中连接事件,类似于中文的“既然……就……”,但英语更注重时态的精确。对比分析:与西班牙语的 “Ahora que” 类似,都表示“既然”,但英语版本更依赖时态来传达完成感,而西班牙语可能通过动词变位实现。这可以帮助学生看到语言间的共通点,丰富跨文化理解。