A famous monastery

原文

The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy. At 2,473 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe. The famous monastery of St. Bernard, witch was founded in eleventh century, lies about a mile away. For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass. These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watchdogs even in Roman times. Now that a tunnel ahs been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty. Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot.

During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars. As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure. In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different. The temperature drops to -- 30 o and very few people attempt to cross the Pass. The monks prefer winter to summer of they have more privacy. The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure. The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter. These young people, who love the peace of mountains, always receive a warm welcome at St. Bernard's monastery.

译文

大圣伯纳隘口连接瑞士和意大利。它海拔2,473米，是欧洲最高的山隘。著名的圣伯纳修道院建于十一世纪，位于隘口约一英里外的地方。数百年来，圣伯纳狗一直拯救着穿越这危险隘口的旅行者。这些友好的狗最初从亚洲引进，甚至在罗马时代就被用作守卫犬。如今，一条隧道已穿越山脉，隘口不再那么危险，但每年，只要有旅行者遇险，这些狗仍会被派往雪地。尽管有了新隧道，仍有一些人贸然尝试徒步穿越隘口。

在夏季，修道院非常繁忙，因为成千上万驾车穿越隘口的人前来参观。由于人潮涌动，狗只得被关在专用围栏里。然而，到了冬季，修道院的生活大不相同。气温降至-30°C，很少有人试图穿越隘口。修道士们更喜欢冬季，因为他们能享有更多隐私。狗儿们也获得了更大的自由，因为它们被允许在围栏外游荡。冬季里，修道院的唯一固定访客是一群群滑雪者，他们在圣诞节和复活节时前来。这些热爱山间宁静的年轻人，总是在圣伯纳修道院受到热烈欢迎。

词汇表

pass

名词, 动词

英:/pɑːs/

美:/pæs/

定义

1. 山口或山隘 - A route over or through a mountain range.

例子: The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy.

例子: Hikers often use the pass to cross the Alps.

2. 通过或经过 - To move past something (as a verb).

例子: The train will pass through the tunnel soon.

例子: Time passes quickly in the mountains.

近义词

route: 更泛指任何路径或路线，常用于交通或旅行语境，而 'pass' 特指山地通道。

gap: 强调地形上的空隙或低点，常用于自然地理描述，与 'pass' 类似但更侧重于宽度。

crossing: 侧重于穿越行为，常用于河流或山脉，与 'pass' 相比更强调行动过程。

反义词:

barrier, obstacle, blockade

用法

常用于地理和旅行语境中，如 'mountain pass'，表示山脉中的通道；作为动词时，常与介词如 'through' 或 'over' 搭配；文化背景中，常出现在探险或历史叙述。

形式:

复数: passes, 过去式（作为动词）: passed, 现在分词（作为动词）: passing

深入解析：关键句型 "Now that [clause], [main clause]"

定义

这个句型是一种表示原因或条件后的结果的结构，常用于描述某事发生后导致的变化。基本结构为：Now that（既然）后跟一个从句（[clause]），然后是主句（[main clause]）。例如，在文章中如 "Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous"。权威教材如《新概念英语》或《Cambridge Grammar in Use》定义它为一个引导时间状语从句的短语，强调从过去到现在的情况变化，核心含义是连接过去事件与当前结果，突出因果关系。

用法

此句型主要用于正式或叙述性英语中，表达自从某个条件或事件发生以来，情况如何改变。使用规则包括：Now that 引导一个时间状语从句，通常用现在完成时或一般过去时，表示已完成的事件，然后主句描述结果，常使用一般现在时或一般过去时。在语法体系中，它属于从句结构的一部分，类似于其他时间状语从句如 "after" 或 "since"，但更强调当下影响。跨语法点联系：它与现在完成时（present perfect tense）紧密相关，因为从句中常使用如 "has been built"，帮助学生将时间状语从句与时态结合。同时，它可以链接到因果结构，如 "because"，使学生理解英语中多种表达因果的方式，例如从简单句过渡到复杂句，增强句子连贯性。

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括：误用时态，例如在从句中使用一般过去时而非现在完成时，导致时间逻辑混乱（如说 "Now that the tunnel built" 而非 "has been built"）；或者将 Now that 与 Now, that 混淆，前者是连词短语，后者可能被误解为感叹句。另一个常见偏误是省略主句或从句，使句子不完整。纠正建议：学生应练习识别从句中的动词时态，确保 Now that 后跟完整从句，并通过朗读文章中的例子强化。还要注意语境，避免在非正式对话中使用，以防显得过于正式；此外，在写作中，确保句子平衡，不要让从句过长导致阅读困难。

练习

一个额外的例子：在文章灵感下，学生可以说："Now that I have finished my homework, I can go out to play." 这里，[clause] 是 "I have finished my homework"，[main clause] 是 "I can go out to play"。通过这个例子，学生可以尝试替换从句，如 "Now that the weather has improved, we can go hiking"，并在日常对话中应用，强化句型的灵活性。

额外内容

背景知识：这个句型起源于英语的演变，用于强调现代变化，常见于历史或叙述性文本中。对比分析：与法语的 "Maintenant que" 类似，它在英语中更侧重于时间进展，而不像一些语言那样直接表达原因。补充信息：掌握此句型后，学生能更好地处理复杂句式，如结合被动语态，丰富表达，例如 "Now that the project has been completed, we can move on"。这有助于提升写作技能，尤其在描述社会或历史变化时。