Smash-and-grab

原文

The expensive shops in a famous near Piccadilly were just "opening. At this time of the morning, the arcade was almost empty. Mr. Taylor, the owner of a jewellery shop was admiring a new display. Two of his assistants had been working busily since eight o'clock and had only just finished. Diamond necklaces and rings had been beautifully arranged on a background of black velvet. After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr. Taylor went back into his shop.

The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade. It came to a stop outside the jeweller's. One man stayed at the wheel while two others with black stocking over their faces jumped out and smashed the window of the shop with iron bars. While this was going on, Mr. Taylor was upstairs. He and his staff began throwing furniture out of the window. Chairs and tables went flying into the arcade. One of the thieves was struck by a heavy statue, but he was too busy helping himself to diamonds to notice any pain. The raid was all over in three minutes, for the men scrambled back into the car and it moved off at a fantastic speed. Just as it was leaving, Mr. Taylor rushed out and ran after it throwing ashtrays and vases, but it was impossible to stop the thieves. They had got away with thousands of pounds worth of diamonds.

译文

皮卡迪利附近的一条著名拱廊街上的那些昂贵的商店刚刚开门。这时正值早晨,拱廊街几乎空无一人。珠宝店老板泰勒先生正在欣赏一个新的陈列。他的两个助手从八点钟起就忙个不停,直到现在才刚刚完成。钻石项链和戒指被漂亮地排列在黑丝绒的背景上。泰勒先生注视了陈列几分钟之后,便走回了他的商店里。

寂静突然被打破,一辆大汽车 headlights 亮着,喇叭响个不停,轰鸣着冲进了拱廊街。它在珠宝店外停了下来。其中一个人留在方向盘旁,而另外两个人用黑丝袜蒙面,跳下车,用铁棒砸碎了商店的窗户。在此期间,泰勒先生正在楼上。他和他的店员开始从窗口往外扔家具。椅子和桌子飞进了拱廊街。其中一个贼被一个沉重的雕像击中了,但他忙着抢钻石,没有注意到疼痛。抢劫只用了三分钟,因为那些人爬回了汽车,汽车以惊人的速度开走了。就在它离开的时候,泰勒先生冲出来追它,并扔出烟灰缸和花瓶,但不可能阻止那些贼。他们带着价值数千英镑的钻石逃走了。

词汇表

expensive

形容词
英:/ɪkˈspɛnsɪv/
美:/ɪkˈspɛnsɪv/
定义
1. 昂贵的 - Costing a lot of money or more than is reasonable.

例子: The expensive shops in the city attract wealthy customers.

例子: That expensive necklace is made of real diamonds.

近义词
costly: 强调高成本,通常用于正式场合,而 'expensive' 更通用。
pricey: 更口语化,常用于非正式对话,不如 'expensive' 正式。
dear: 在英国英语中常用于强调高价,但在其他语境中可能表示亲爱的,因此语境敏感。
反义词:
cheap, inexpensive, affordable
用法
常用于描述高价物品的语境,如购物或经济讨论中;可与名词搭配如 'expensive car'。
形式:
比较级: more expensive, 最高级: most expensive

关键句型 "had been + verb-ing"

定义

此句型是过去完成进行时的结构,用于描述在过去某个时间点之前一直持续的动作。基本形式为:had been(had的缩写形式)+ verb-ing(动词的现在分词形式)。例如,在文章中,“Two of his assistants had been working busily since eight o'clock” 展示了这个句型。它表示一个动作从过去某个时间开始,一直持续到另一个过去的时刻。根据《剑桥英语语法》,这是一种完美时态的扩展形式,用于强调动作的持续性和完成度,帮助学习者理解过去事件的顺序和背景。

这个句型在叙述故事时特别有用,能让句子更生动地描绘事件的进程。

用法

"had been + verb-ing" 常用于描述过去某个事件发生前持续进行的动作,强调动作的持续时间或影响。使用场景包括故事叙述、回忆或报告过去事件。例如,在过去完成进行时的语境中,它常与时间状语如 sinceforby the time 搭配,如 "had been working since eight o'clock"。

在英语语法体系中,这属于过去时态的进阶部分,与简单过去时(Past Simple,如 "worked")和过去进行时(Past Continuous,如 "was working")相关。横向比较:与 Past Simple 相比,"had been + verb-ing" 更强调动作的持续性,而非一次性完成;与 Past Continuous 相比,它突出动作在过去另一个时间点之前的进行状态。例如,"was working" 描述过去某个时刻的进行,而 "had been working" 则连接到后续事件,显示因果关系。跨语法联系:它常与过去完成时(Past Perfect,如 "had finished")结合,形成更复杂的叙述链,如文章中的 "had been working and had just finished",帮助学生理解时态的层次。

总之,这个句型在写作和口语中增强描述的深度,尤其在讲故事时。

注意事项

学生容易犯的错误包括混淆时态,如将 "had been working" 误用为 "was working",导致时间关系模糊;或遗漏持续性状语,使句子显得不完整。纠正建议:总是问自己动作是否需要强调持续时间,并练习添加时间词。例如,不要说 "They had been running" 而忘记上下文;要确保主语和动词一致。

另一个常见问题是用错动词形式,如 "had been work" 而非 "had been working"。提供例句:

错误示例:He had been play football when the phone rang.  (应为 "had been playing",动词需用现在分词)
正确示例:He had been playing football when the phone rang.  (正确强调持续动作)

通过这些练习,学生能避免将它与简单过去时混淆。

练习

一个原创例子:想象一个日常生活场景,比如 "By the time I arrived at the party, my friends had been waiting for over an hour." 这里,学生可以替换关键词,如将 "waiting" 换成 "cooking" 或 "studying",并创建新句子,例如 "By the time the movie started, we had been queuing for tickets since morning." 这能帮助学生应用句型到实际情境中,比如描述日常生活或故事,增强对持续动作的理解。

鼓励学生用这个句型写短日记,例如回忆昨天的经历:"I had been reading a book before I fell asleep." 替换练习能让学习更互动。

额外内容

背景知识:过去完成进行时起源于英语中对动作持续性的强调,历史可追溯到19世纪的语法演变,在现代英语中常用于小说和新闻报道。对比分析:与中文的 "一直...直到..." 类似,但英语通过时态精确表达时间关系;与法语的 "avoir été en train de + verb" 相比,英语结构更简洁,无需额外助动词。学习这个句型能丰富学生的叙述技巧,并为更高级的时态如现在完成进行时铺路。

关键句型 "too + adjective + to + verb"

定义

此句型用于表示某事物的程度过高以至于无法做某事,结构为:too(太)+ adjective(形容词)+ to(以至于不能)+ verb(动词原形)。例如,文章中的 "he was too busy helping himself to diamonds to notice any pain" 展示了这个句型,意思是忙碌到无法注意到疼痛。根据《牛津现代英语语法》,它是一种常见表达方式,用于强调负面结果或限制,适合描述能力或情况的不足。

这个句型在日常对话中很实用,能让句子更简洁地传达原因和结果。

用法

"too + adjective + to + verb" 常用于表达某人或某物因为某种程度而无法完成动作,常见场景包括日常对话、故事叙述或解释原因。例如,在文章中,它解释了小偷为什么忽略了疼痛。规则:形容词后必须接 to + verb,整个结构通常放在主句中。

在语法体系中,它属于形容词的修饰结构,与其他比较句型相关。横向比较:与 "so + adjective + that + clause"(如此...以至于...)相比,"too + adjective + to + verb" 更简短,例如 "too busy to notice" vs. "so busy that he couldn't notice";与 "enough + adjective + to + verb"(足够...以至于能...)形成对比,后者表示正面能力,如 "strong enough to lift"。跨语法联系:它常与原因状语从句结合,并可扩展到更复杂的句子,如与过去时态搭配,强化叙述逻辑。

学生可以通过这个句型学习如何用英语表达限制和可能性,提升表达的精确性。

注意事项

学生常犯的错误是误用形容词或动词形式,如说 "too busy for notice" 而非 "too busy to notice",忽略了 to + verb 的必要性;或将它与 "very + adjective" 混淆,导致句子失去强调效果。纠正建议:练习时注意形容词的强度,并用例句比较正确和错误形式。另外,容易忘记句型的负面含义,因此要强调它通常表示 "不能" 而非 "能"。

提供具体例句:

错误示例:He was too tired for running quickly.  (应为 "too tired to run quickly",需用 "to + verb")
正确示例:He was too tired to run quickly.  (正确表示太累而跑不快)

通过这些,学生能避免常见偏误并改善句子流畅性。

练习

一个原创例子:假设在工作中说 "I was too exhausted to continue working after the meeting." 学生可以替换关键词,如将 "exhausted" 换成 "distracted" 或 "nervous",并创建新句子,例如 "The child was too scared to go into the dark room." 这贴近实际生活场景,帮助学生练习表达个人限制或日常挑战。

鼓励学生用这个句型描述自己的经历,比如 "I was too hungry to focus on the lesson." 替换练习能加深对句型的掌握,并让学习更有趣。

额外内容

背景知识:这个句型源于英语中强调程度的传统表达,早在莎士比亚时代就出现,在现代口语中很流行。对比分析:与西班牙语的 "demasiado + adjective + para + verb" 类似,但英语更直接;与中文的 "太...不能..." 对应,却通过结构而非词汇强调。了解这个句型能帮助学生在跨文化交流中更自然地表达,进而扩展到类似结构如 "not + adjective + enough to + verb"。