Back in the old country

原文

I stopped to let the car cool off and to study the map. I had expected to be near my objective by now, but everything still seemed alien to me. I was only five when my father had taken me abroad, and that we eighteen years ago. When my mother had died after a tragic accident, he did not quickly recover from the shock and loneliness. Everything around him was full of her presence, continually reopening the wound. So he decided to emigrate. In the new country he became absorbed in making a new life for the two of us, so that he gradually ceased to grieve. He did not marry again and I was brought up without a woman's care; but I lacked for nothing, for he was both father and mother to me. He always meant to go back on day, but not to stay. His roots and mine bad become too firmly embedded in the new land. But he wanted to see the old folk again and to visit my mother's grave. He became mortally ill a few months before we had planned to go and, when he knew that he was dying, he made me promise to go on my own.

I hired a car the day after landing and bought a comprehensive book of maps, which I found most helpful on the cross-country journey, but which I did not think I should need on the last stage. It was not that I actually remembered anything at all. But my father had described over and over again what we should see at every milestone, after leaving the nearest town, so that I was positive I should recognize it as familiar territory. Well, I had been wrong, for I was now lost.

I looked at the map and then at the millimeter. I had come ten miles since leaving the town, and at this point, according to my father, I should be looking at farms and cottages in a valley, with the spire of the church of our village showing in the far distance. I could see no valley, no farms, no cottages and no church spire -- only a lake. I decided that I must have taken a wrong turning somewhere. So I drove back to the town and began to retrace the route, taking frequent glances at the map. I landed up at the same corner. The curious thing was that the lake was not marked on the map. I left as if I had stumbled into a nightmare country, as you sometimes do in dreams. And, as in a nightmare, there was nobody in sight to help me. Fortunately for me, as I was wondering what to do next, there appeared on the horizon a man on horseback, riding in my direction. I waited till he came near, then I asked him the way to our old village. He said that there was now no village. I thought he must have misunderstood me, so I repeated its name. This time he pointed to the lake. The village no longer existed because it had been submerged, and all the valley too. The lake was not a natural one, but a man-made reservoir.

译文

我停下来让汽车冷却,并研究地图。我原以为现在已经接近目的地了,可是周围的一切对我来说仍然很陌生。我只有五岁时,父亲就带我去了国外,那已经是十八年前的事了。我母亲在一场悲惨的事故中去世后,父亲没有很快从震惊和孤独中恢复过来。周围的一切都充满了她的影子,不断地重新撕开他的伤口。于是他决定移民。在新的国家,他全神贯注地为我们俩创造新的生活,因此他渐渐地不再悲伤了。他没有再婚,我是在没有女性照顾的情况下长大的;但是我什么都不缺,因为他既是父亲又是母亲。他一直打算有一天回去,但不是呆在那里。他的根和我的根已经牢牢地扎在新的土地上。但是他想再见见老朋友,并去拜访我母亲的坟墓。在我们计划去的前几个月,他得了不治之症,当他知道自己快死了时,他让我答应自己去。

我登陆后第二天就租了一辆汽车,并买了一本详尽的地图册,这在越野旅行中我发现非常有用,但是我认为在最后一段路途中用不着。它倒不是说我真记得什么东西。但父亲曾一遍又一遍地描述过,我们离开最近的城镇后,在每一个里程碑处会看到什么,因此我确信自己会把那片地方认作熟悉的领地。唉,我错了,因为现在我迷路了。

我看了看地图,然后又看了看里程表。从离开城镇以来,我已经走了十英里,而据父亲说,在这一点上,我应该可以看到山谷里的农场和村舍,我们村庄的教堂尖顶在远方隐约可见。可是,我看不到山谷、看不到农场、看不到村舍,也看不到教堂尖顶——只有一片湖。我断定自己一定在什么地方拐错了弯。于是我开车返回城镇,开始重新走那条路,一面频频瞟着地图。结果我又回到了同一个拐角处。奇怪的是,那片湖在地图上没有标出。我觉得仿佛跌进了梦魇中的国度,正如你有时在梦中会经历的那样。而且,正如在梦魇中一样,四周不见一个人来帮我。幸好,就在我正纳闷下一步该怎么办时,地平线上出现了一个骑马的人,正朝着我的方向走来。我等着他走近,然后问他去我们老村庄的路。他說现在那里已经没有村庄了。我以为他误解了我的话,于是我又重复了一遍村庄的名字。这次他指着湖说。村庄已经不复存在,因为它被淹没了,整个山谷也一起淹没了。那片湖不是天然的,而是一个人工水库。

词汇表

alien

形容词, 名词
英:/ˈeɪliən/
美:/ˈeɪliən/
定义
1. 陌生的;外来的 - Unfamiliar or strange; not native to a place.

例子: The landscape seemed alien to me after years away.

例子: In the story, the alien creature came from another planet.

2. 外星人;外国人 - A foreigner or non-citizen.

例子: He felt like an alien in the new country.

例子: Immigration laws affect alien residents.

近义词
foreign: 强调来自其他国家或地区,与 'alien' 类似,但 'foreign' 更侧重于地理或文化差异,而 'alien' 可能暗示更强烈的陌生感。
strange: 更泛指不寻常或古怪,'alien' 常用于环境或事物,而 'strange' 可用于行为或人际关系。
exotic: 暗示吸引人的新奇,与 'alien' 的负面陌生感不同,'exotic' 常带有积极或浪漫的 connotation。
反义词:
familiar, native, familiar
用法
常用于描述不熟悉的事物或人,特别是在旅行或文化语境中;可用于正式和非正式场合,但需注意其科幻含义。
形式:
复数: aliens (as noun), 形容词比较级: more alien, 形容词最高级: most alien

深入解析:关键句型 "I stopped to let the car cool off and to study the map."

定义

这个句型以主语 + 动词 + 不定式短语的形式出现,其中不定式短语用于表示动作的目的或意图。结构具体为:主语 + 动词 + to + 动词原形 + and + to + 动词原形。例如,在文章中,"I stopped to let the car cool off and to study the map" 表示说话者停下来是为了让车冷却和研究地图。根据权威教材如《新概念英语》或《Cambridge Grammar in Use》,这种句型强调不定式(infinitive)作为目的状语,常用于描述行为背后的原因。它的核心含义是展示多个并列的目的,使用 and 连接多个不定式短语,使句子更流畅和自然。

用法

此句型常用于叙述性文本或日常对话中,描述某项行动的多个目的。规则包括:不定式短语必须以 to 开头,且在句子中作为状语出现;在语法体系中,它属于非限定动词结构,与其他状语(如时间状语或原因状语)相关联,帮助学生理解句子的逻辑流畅性。例如,它可以链接到更广泛的动词短语知识,比如与情态动词结合(如 "I need to go and to buy something")。跨语法点联系:这个句型与并列结构(coordination)相关,因为 and 连接了多个不定式;它还与过去时或现在时结合,形成完整叙述(如文章中的过去时叙述)。在实际应用中,这种句型适合表达多任务行为,比如在旅行或日常生活中说 "I woke up early to exercise and to prepare breakfast."

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括:遗漏 to 而直接使用动词原形(如说 "I stopped let the car cool off",这会使句子不完整);或者错误地将不定式短语误用为宾语(如将其视为主要动作)。另一个常见偏误是过度复杂化句子,导致 and 连接的短语不平衡,例如添加过多从句而忽略主句焦点。纠正建议:学生应练习识别不定式短语的起始词 to,并通过朗读文章中的例子强化记忆。同时,避免在正式写作中滥用这种结构,以防句子变得冗长;建议先写出单一目的句型(如 "I stopped to let the car cool off"),然后逐步添加并列部分。

练习

一个额外的例子:在现代语境中,你可以说:"She paused to answer the phone and to check her email." 这个句子帮助学生应用句型,替换主语和动词,如将 "paused" 改为 "waited",并想象一个场景:一个忙碌的办公室。通过这个例子,学生可以练习构建类似句子,例如 "We traveled to see the sights and to meet friends.",以强化对不定式并列的理解和实际表达。

额外内容

背景知识:不定式短语表示目的在英语中源自拉丁语的影响,常见于叙述文学中,如文章的回忆部分。对比分析:与中文不同,英语中不定式更直接地表达意图,而不像中文那样依赖副词或从句;例如,中文可能说 "我停下来让车冷却并且研究地图",但英语更简洁。通过掌握这个句型,学生可以丰富叙述技巧,并过渡到更高级结构,如使用 "in order to" 代替 "to" 以增加正式性,从而提升整体语言表达能力。

深入解析:关键句型 "He made me promise to go on my own."

定义

这个句型涉及使役动词(causative verbs)的使用,结构为:主语 + 使役动词 + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 不定式短语。具体来说,"make" 作为使役动词,后面跟宾语和不定式,表示强迫或导致某人做某事。在文章中,"He made me promise to go on my own" 意味着父亲强迫叙述者许下承诺。根据权威教材如《新概念英语》或《Oxford English Grammar》,这种句型强调 make 的强制性含义,不定式短语补充了动作的细节。核心含义是展示影响他人的行为,通常用于表达义务或承诺。

用法

此句型常用于故事叙述、对话或命令语境中,描述一方迫使另一方采取行动。规则是:make 必须后接宾语(如 "me"),然后是动词原形(如 "promise"),再加不定式短语;在语法体系中,它与动词的使役功能相关,链接到其他使役动词如 "let" 或 "have",帮助学生建立从简单命令句到复杂影响句的联系。例如,它可以与过去时结合(如文章中的过去叙述),或扩展到条件句中。跨语法点联系:这个句型涉及宾语 + 不定式结构,与祈使句或情态动词句相关联,如 "I had to promise",从而展示语言中强制与自愿的对比。在实际场景中,它适用于个人故事或劝说对话,比如 "The teacher made us read the book."

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括:将 make 误用为其他动词(如用 "let" 代替,导致语气变弱);或者忘记不定式短语而使句子不完整(如说 "He made me promise" 而不加细节)。另一个偏误是混淆主动与被动语态,例如错误地说 "I was made to promise by him",这虽正确但改变了焦点。纠正建议:通过分析文章中的例子,学生应练习区分 make 的强制性与 ask 的请求性;建议用替换练习,如将 "promise" 改为 "do",并注意语境以避免在礼貌场合使用过于强硬的表达。

练习

一个额外的例子:"My friend made me try the new food and enjoy the experience." 这个句子让学生练习句型,替换主语、宾语和动词,例如 "The coach made the team run faster." 通过这个例子,学生可以创建自己的句子,如在旅行语境中说 "The guide made us follow the path.",以应用到实际对话中。

额外内容

背景知识:使役动词如 make 在英语中用于强调控制或影响,常见于文学和口语中。对比分析:与法语或中文相比,英语的使役结构更直接,不需额外助词;例如,中文可能说 "他让我承诺去",但英语强调简洁。通过学习这个句型,学生可以更好地处理人际关系表达,并扩展到被动语态如 "I was made to go",从而深化对动词多样性的理解。