A lost ship

原文

The salvage operation had been a complete failure. The small ship, Elkor, which had been searching the Barents Sea for weeks, was on its way home. A radio message from the mainland had been received by the ship's captain instructing him to give up the search. The captain knew that another attempt would be made later, for the sunken ship he was trying to find had been carrying a precious cargo of gold bullion.

Despite the message, the captain of the Elkor decided to try once more. The sea bed was scoured with powerful nets and there was tremendous excitement on board went a chest was raised from the bottom. Though the crew were at first under the impression that the lost ship had been found, the contents of the chest proved them wrong. What they had in fact found was a ship which had been sunk many years before.

The chest contained the personal belongings of a seaman, Alan Fielding. There were books, clothing and photographs, together with letters which the seaman had once received from his wife. The captain of the Elkor ordered his men to salvage as much as possible from the wreck. Nothing of value was found, but the numerous items which were brought to the surface proved to be of great interest. From a heavy gun that was raised, the captain realized that the ship must have been a cruiser. In another chest, which contained the belongings of a ship's officer, there was an unfinished letter which had been written on March 14th, 1943. The captain learnt from the letter that the name of the lost ship was the Karen. The most valuable find of all was the ship's log book, parts of which it was still possible to read. From this the captain was able to piece together all the information that had come to light. The Karen had been sailing in a convoy to Russia when she was torpedoed by an enemy submarine. This was later confirmed by naval official at the Ministry of Defiance after the Elkor had returned home. All the items that were found were sent to the War Museum.

译文

这次打捞作业完全失败了。那艘名叫Elkor的小船已经在巴伦支海搜寻了几个星期，现在正返航途中。船长收到了来自内陆的无线电消息，指示他放弃搜索。船长知道以后还会再作尝试，因为那艘沉船当时载有贵重的金条货物。

尽管收到了消息，Elkor号的船长还是决定再试一次。他们用强力网扫荡海床，当从海底捞起一个箱子时，船上充满了巨大的兴奋。虽然船员们起初以为找到了失踪的船，但箱子里的东西证明他们错了。他们实际上发现的是一艘多年前就沉没的船。

那个箱子里面是水手Alan Fielding的个人物品。有书籍、衣服、照片，以及水手从妻子那里收到的信件。Elkor号的船长命令他的手下从沉船上打捞尽可能多的东西。没有发现有价值的东西，但是那些被带到水面的众多物品却引起了极大的兴趣。从捞起的一门重炮来看，船长意识到那艘船一定是一艘巡洋舰。在另一个箱子里，装着一位船上军官的物品，还有一封写于1943年3月14日的未完成信件。船长从信中得知那艘失踪船的名字叫Karen。最有价值的发现是船的航海日志，其中部分内容还可以阅读。从中，船长能够把所有浮出水面的信息拼凑起来。Karen当时正在护航队中前往俄罗斯时，被敌方潜艇用鱼雷击中。这一点后来在Elkor返航后，由国防部的海军官员证实。所有发现的物品都被送往战争博物馆。

词汇表

salvage

名词, 动词

英:/ˈsælvɪdʒ/

美:/ˈsælvɪdʒ/

定义

1. 打捞；拯救 - The act of rescuing a ship or its cargo from loss at sea.

例子: The team attempted to salvage the sunken treasure.

例子: Salvage operations can be dangerous in stormy weather.

2. 抢救；回收 - To save or rescue something from damage or loss.

例子: They managed to salvage some items from the fire.

例子: Efforts to salvage the project failed due to lack of funds.

近义词

rescue: 更侧重于从危险中拯救生命或财产，而 salvage 常用于财产或船只的回收。

recover: 强调找回丢失的东西，salvage 则更具体地涉及从破坏中拯救。

retrieve: 常用于数据或信息恢复，salvage 更适用于物理物品或海难场景。

反义词:

abandon, lose, destroy

用法

常用于海事或紧急情况下，搭配如 'salvage operation' 或 'salvage from the wreck'，在正式语境中出现。

形式:

复数: salvages, 过去式: salvaged, 现在分词: salvaging

深入解析：关键句型 "which had been [past participle]"

定义

这个句型是一种常见的定语从句结构，用于描述在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作或状态。基本结构是：关系代词 which 或 that 引导的从句，里面包含过去完成时 had been 加上过去分词 [past participle]。例如，在文章中如 "a ship which had been sunk many years before"，这表示船在过去的某个时间点之前已经被沉没。根据权威教材如《新概念英语》第三册，这类句型用于连接主句和从句，强调事件的先后顺序，突出背景信息或原因。

用法

此句型常用于叙述故事或历史事件中，特别是在描述过去事件之间的时间关系时。例如，在叙事性文章或报告中，它帮助连接细节，提供背景。规则是：which 用于指代事物，had been 表示被动语态的过去完成时，后跟过去分词。在语法体系中，它属于定语从句的范畴，与过去完成时紧密结合。这种句型链接到其他语法知识，如定语从句可以扩展句子复杂性，并与简单过去时对比（如 "which was sunk" 表示同时发生）。跨语法点联系：它与被动语态结合使用（如这里是 "had been sunk"），帮助学生理解如何在叙述中表达被动动作的完成；同时，它可以与时间状语（如 "many years before"）一起使用，强化时间序列的概念。

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括：混淆时态，例如用简单过去时替换过去完成时（如说 "which was sunk" 而非 "which had been sunk"，导致时间关系模糊）；或者错误使用关系代词，如用 who 代替 which（who 用于人，而 which 用于物）；另一个常见偏误是遗漏 been 在被动语态中，导致句子不完整（如说 "which had sunk"，这会变成主动语态）。纠正建议：学生应先掌握过去完成时的基本公式（had + past participle），然后在练习定语从句时，注意语境中的时间线索。练习时，避免过度复杂化句子，以免混淆主从句关系。此外，在写作中，确保从句紧跟被修饰的名词，以保持清晰性。

练习

一个额外的例子：在描述历史事件时，你可以说："The old castle, which had been destroyed during the war, was finally restored." 这个句子帮助学生应用句型，强调城堡在战争之前已经被摧毁。通过这个例子，学生可以尝试替换 [past participle]，如用 "built" 或 "abandoned"，并构建自己的句子，例如 "The book, which had been lost for years, was found in the attic."，以强化实际使用。

额外内容

背景知识：这个句型在英语文学和历史叙述中很常见，源于英语对时间表达的精确需求。对比分析：与中文不同，英语通过时态变化（如过去完成时）来明确事件顺序，而非依赖词汇；例如，中文可能简单说 "已经被沉没的船"。补充信息：在现代英语中，这种结构有助于提升书面表达的正式感，并与条件句（如 "if it had been found"）结合使用，丰富学生的叙述技巧。

深入解析：关键句型 "had been [verb-ing]"

定义

这个句型是过去完成进行时的结构，用于表示在过去某个时间点之前的一个持续动作或状态。基本形式为：had been 加上现在分词 [verb-ing]，如文章中的 "which had been searching the Barents Sea for weeks"。根据权威教材如《新概念英语》第三册，它定义为强调动作的持续性和在过去某个时刻之前的发生，突出事件的背景和延续性。

用法

此句型常用于故事叙述、报告或描述历史事件中，强调动作的持续时间和其与主要事件的先后关系。例如，在文章中，它描述了船只在返回前持续进行的搜索活动。规则是：had been 表示过去完成进行时的核心，[verb-ing] 展示持续动作，必须与时间状语（如 "for weeks"）结合使用。在语法体系中，它属于时态的扩展部分，链接到过去完成时（had + past participle），帮助过渡到更复杂的时态表达。跨语法点联系：它与进行时态相关（如现在进行时 is/are being），但专注于过去；同时，可以与定语从句结合（如 "the ship which had been searching"），增强句子的连贯性，并与简单过去时对比，以突出持续 vs. 瞬间动作。

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括：将它与过去进行时混淆（如用 "was searching" 代替 "had been searching"，导致时间关系不准）；或者遗漏 been，直接说 "had searching"，这在进行时中是错误的；另一个偏误是 overuse 时间状语，导致句子冗长或不自然。纠正建议：学生应先区分过去完成进行时和过去进行时的区别（前者强调在过去之前持续，后者强调过去某一时刻持续），通过重复练习基本句型。同时，注意在口语中避免过于正式的使用，以免显得生硬；写作时，确保该句型用于需要强调持续性的语境中。

练习

一个额外的例子：在讲述个人经历时，你可以说："By the time I arrived, she had been waiting for over an hour." 这个句子帮助学生理解持续等待的含义。通过这个例子，学生可以尝试修改 [verb-ing]，如用 "working" 或 "studying"，创建句子如 "The team had been practicing when the storm hit."，以便在对话或写作中应用。

额外内容

背景知识：过去完成进行时起源于英语对动态描述的需要，常见于小说和新闻报道中。对比分析：与法语的类似时态相比，英语的更注重持续性，而非完成度；例如，法语可能用复合时态表达相似含义。补充信息：掌握此句型后，学生能更好地处理叙述中的时间线，并与其他时态如将来完成进行时（will have been [verb-ing]) 连接，提升整体语法流畅度。