A lovable eccentric

原文

True eccentrics never deliberately set out to draw attention to themselves. They disregard social conventions without being conscious that they are doing anything extraordinary. This invariably wins them the love and respect of others, for they add colour to the dull routine of everyday life.

Up to the time of his death, Richard Colson was one of the most notable figures in our town. He was a shrewd and wealthy businessman, but most people in the town hardly knew anything about this side of his life. He was known to us all as Dickie and his eccentricity had become legendary long before he died.

Dickie disliked snobs intensely. Though he owned a large car, he hardly ever used it, preferring always to go on foot. Even when it was raining heavily, he refused to carry an umbrella. One day, he walked into an expensive shop after having been caught in a particularly heavy shower. He wanted to buy a $300 watch for his wife, but he was in such a bedraggled condition than an assistant refused to serve him. Dickie left the shop without a word and returned carrying a large cloth bag. As it was extremely heavy, he dumped it on the counter. The assistant asked him to leave, but Dickie paid no attention to him and requested to see the manager. Recognizing who the customer was, the manager was most apologetic and reprimanded the assistant severely. When Dickie was given the watch, the presented the assistant with the cloth bag. It contained $300 in pennies. He insisted on the assistant's counting the money before he left -- 30,000 pennies in all! On another occasion, he invited a number of important critics to see his private collection of modern paintings. This exhibition received a great deal of attention in the press, for though the pictures were supposed to be the work of famous artists, they had in fact been painted by Dickie. It took him four years to stage this elaborate joke simply to prove that critics do not always know what they are talking about.

译文

真正的古怪者从不故意设法引起注意。他们不顾社会习俗,却未意识到自己正在做任何不寻常的事。这必然赢得他人的爱戴和尊敬,因为他们为单调的日常生活增添了色彩。

直到去世前,理查德·科尔森一直是我们镇上最引人注目的人物之一。他是一个精明而富有的商人,但镇上大多数人几乎不知道他生活中的这一面。我们都叫他迪基,他的古怪行为早在去世前很久就已成了传奇。

迪基极其厌恶势利小人。尽管他拥有一辆大轿车,却几乎从不使用,总是宁愿步行。即使下着倾盆大雨,他也拒绝打伞。有一天,他在一次特别猛烈的阵雨中淋湿了全身,走进一家高档商店。他想为妻子买一块价值300美元的手表,但他的模样如此狼狈,以致一名店员拒绝为他服务。迪基一言不发地离开了商店,不久又返回,手里提着一个大布袋。由于袋子极重,他砰的一声把它扔在柜台上。店员要他离开,但迪基不理会,坚持要见经理。经理认出这位顾客是谁,十分抱歉,并严厉训斥了店员。迪基拿到手表后,把布袋递给了店员。袋里装着300美元的便士。他坚持要店员当场清点这些钱——总共3万枚便士!在另一个场合,他邀请了几位重要的评论家来观看他的私人现代画收藏。这次展览在新闻界引起了很大关注,因为尽管这些画被认为是著名艺术家的作品,实际上却是迪基自己画的。他花了四年时间精心策划这个玩笑,只是为了证明评论家并不总是知道自己在谈论什么。

词汇表

eccentrics

名词, 形容词
英:/ɪkˈsɛntrɪks/
美:/ɪkˈsɛntrɪks/
定义
1. 古怪的人 - People who have unusual or peculiar habits and behaviors.

例子: True eccentrics often live life on their own terms.

例子: The town was full of eccentrics who added charm to daily life.

2. 古怪的 - Unconventional or odd in a way that is not harmful.

例子: His eccentrics made him popular among friends.

例子: Eccentrics like Dickie bring color to ordinary routines.

近义词
oddities: 强调奇怪或不寻常的特征,通常更中性,而 'eccentrics' 带有积极的趣味感。
mavericks: 暗示独立和反传统,更强调创新和领导力,而 'eccentrics' 侧重个人怪癖。
nonconformists: 更正式,指不遵守规范的人,但 'eccentrics' 通常带有幽默或正面 connotation,而这个词更严肃。
反义词:
conformists, conventionalists, normals
用法
常用于描述有独特行为的人,常见于非正式语境,如文学或故事中,强调其对社会规范的忽略,可能涉及文化背景如英国文学中的古怪人物。
形式:
复数: eccentrics, 形容词形式: eccentric, 副词形式: eccentrically

深入解析:关键句型 "without + gerund phrase"

定义

这个句型结构为 without + gerund phrase(动名词短语),用于表示在没有某动作或状态的情况下发生某事。它强调一种缺乏或缺失的情形,常用于描述行为或状态的伴随情况。例如,在权威教材如《新概念英语》或《剑桥英语语法》中,这个句型被定义为一种介词短语,without 后跟动名词形式(如 being, doing),来表达条件或方式。核心含义是突出一种主动的忽略或自然状态,而不影响主要动作的进行。例如,文章中的 "They disregard social conventions without being conscious that they are doing anything extraordinary",这里 without being conscious 定义了行为发生的背景。

用法

此句型常用于叙述故事、描述习惯或表达结果的场景中,规则是 without 必须后接动名词(gerund),而非动词原形或不定式。它在语法体系中属于介词短语的扩展,常与主句结合,形成复杂句。使用场景包括日常对话、叙述性文章或正式写作中。例如,在文章中,它链接到条件状语,帮助表达因果关系。跨语法点联系:它与条件句(如 if not...)相关联,因为 without + gerund 可以替代某些 if 从句(如 "without doing" 相当于 "if not doing")。这有助于学生从简单句过渡到复杂句结构,建立对从句和短语的整体理解。

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括将动名词误用为不定式(如说 "without to be conscious" 而非 "without being conscious"),这会使句子 grammatically incorrect;另一个常见偏误是忽略动名词的时态一致性,或在非正式语境中过度使用,导致句子模糊。纠正建议:记住 without 总是要求动名词形式,并通过练习区分它与类似结构如 "without + noun"(如 without money)的区别。另外,注意语境:在否定语境中过度使用可能使语气过于绝对,建议结合情态动词(如 could)来软化表达,以避免听起来生硬。

练习

一个额外的例子:在文章灵感下,学生可以说:"He entered the room without making any noise." 这表示他进入房间时没有发出声音。通过这个例子,学生可以尝试替换动名词短语,如 "without wasting time",并构建完整句子,例如 "She finished her work without wasting time,so she went home early." 这有助于应用句型于实际叙述中。

额外内容

背景知识:这个句型源于英语的古语法演变,常在文学中用于增强描述性。对比分析:与法语的类似结构(如 sans + 动名词)相比,英语版更灵活,可以链接更多语法点,如时态或情态。补充信息:掌握此句型后,学生能更好地处理复杂叙述,如在阅读或写作中表达微妙的情感层级,这在英语考试如 IELTS 中非常实用。

深入解析:关键句型 "for + clause"

定义

这个句型结构为 for + clause(从句),通常用于表示原因或解释,连接两个相关部分以说明理由。它是一种连接词引导的从句,常表达逻辑上的因果关系。根据权威教材如《新概念英语》和《牛津英语语法》,for 在此语境中作为从属连词,引导一个表示原因的从句,与主要句子的主语和谓语相关联。例如,文章中的 "This invariably wins them the love and respect of others, for they add colour to the dull routine of everyday life",这里 for they add colour 定义了前句的原因,强调结果的逻辑基础。

用法

此句型主要用于正式或叙述性写作中,提供额外解释或理由,规则是 for 引导的从句通常放在主句之后,以保持句子流畅。它在语法体系中属于状语从句的一部分,常与原因状语从句(如 because)相关,但 for 更侧重于推论而非直接原因。使用场景包括故事讲述、议论文或对话中链接想法。跨语法点联系:它与其他连词如 because、since 形成对比,帮助学生理解不同连接词的细微区别;例如,for 常用于正式文本,而 because 用于更直接的解释。这能帮助学生在写作中选择适当的连接词,建立更复杂的句子结构。

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括将 for 误用为表示目的的结构(如 for to do something),或将它与 because 互换,导致句子逻辑混乱;另一个偏误是忽略从句的时态一致性(如主句是过去时,从句用现在时)。纠正建议:通过记忆 for 的特定用法(强调结果的必然性),并练习在上下文中使用,避免在口语中过度依赖,以防显得过于正式。同时,注意标点:for 从句通常不以逗号分隔,除非是为了强调。学生应避免在简单句中使用,以免句子显得冗长。

练习

一个额外的例子:基于文章,学生可以说:"He refused to use the car, for he preferred walking." 这表示他拒绝用车的原因。通过这个例子,学生可以尝试扩展句子,如 "She studied hard, for she wanted to pass the exam.",并在对话中应用,以强化原因状语的表达。

额外内容

背景知识:for 在英语中历史悠久,常用于文学和正式英语中,以增加说服力。对比分析:与 as 或 since 相比,for 更主观,适合推测性解释;在美式英语中,它不如英式英语常见。补充信息:学习此句型能提升学生的批判性思维,帮助在阅读如新闻或小说时分析作者意图,这在语言进阶中非常有益。