A lovable eccentric

原文

True eccentrics never deliberately set out to draw attention to themselves. They disregard social conventions without being conscious that they are doing anything extraordinary. This invariably wins them the love and respect of others, for they add colour to the dull routine of everyday life.

Up to the time of his death, Richard Colson was one of the most notable figures in our town. He was a shrewd and wealthy businessman, but most people in the town hardly knew anything about this side of his life. He was known to us all as Dickie and his eccentricity had become legendary long before he died.

Dickie disliked snobs intensely. Though he owned a large car, he hardly ever used it, preferring always to go on foot. Even when it was raining heavily, he refused to carry an umbrella. One day, he walked into an expensive shop after having been caught in a particularly heavy shower. He wanted to buy a $300 watch for his wife, but he was in such a bedraggled condition than an assistant refused to serve him. Dickie left the shop without a word and returned carrying a large cloth bag. As it was extremely heavy, he dumped it on the counter. The assistant asked him to leave, but Dickie paid no attention to him and requested to see the manager. Recognizing who the customer was, the manager was most apologetic and reprimanded the assistant severely. When Dickie was given the watch, the presented the assistant with the cloth bag. It contained $300 in pennies. He insisted on the assistant's counting the money before he left -- 30,000 pennies in all! On another occasion, he invited a number of important critics to see his private collection of modern paintings. This exhibition received a great deal of attention in the press, for though the pictures were supposed to be the work of famous artists, they had in fact been painted by Dickie. It took him four years to stage this elaborate joke simply to prove that critics do not always know what they are talking about.

译文

真正的古怪者从不故意设法引起注意。他们不顾社会习俗,却未意识到自己正在做任何不寻常的事。这必然赢得他人的爱戴和尊敬,因为他们为单调的日常生活增添了色彩。

直到去世前,理查德·科尔森一直是我们镇上最引人注目的人物之一。他是一个精明而富有的商人,但镇上大多数人几乎不知道他生活中的这一面。我们都叫他迪基,他的古怪行为早在去世前很久就已成了传奇。

迪基极其厌恶势利小人。尽管他拥有一辆大轿车,却几乎从不使用,总是宁愿步行。即使下着倾盆大雨,他也拒绝打伞。有一天,他在一次特别猛烈的阵雨中淋湿了全身,走进一家高档商店。他想为妻子买一块价值300美元的手表,但他的模样如此狼狈,以致一名店员拒绝为他服务。迪基一言不发地离开了商店,不久又返回,手里提着一个大布袋。由于袋子极重,他砰的一声把它扔在柜台上。店员要他离开,但迪基不理会,坚持要见经理。经理认出这位顾客是谁,十分抱歉,并严厉训斥了店员。迪基拿到手表后,把布袋递给了店员。袋里装着300美元的便士。他坚持要店员当场清点这些钱——总共3万枚便士!在另一个场合,他邀请了几位重要的评论家来观看他的私人现代画收藏。这次展览在新闻界引起了很大关注,因为尽管这些画被认为是著名艺术家的作品,实际上却是迪基自己画的。他花了四年时间精心策划这个玩笑,只是为了证明评论家并不总是知道自己在谈论什么。

词汇表

eccentrics

名词, 形容词
英:/ɪkˈsɛntrɪks/
美:/ɪkˈsɛntrɪks/
定义
1. 古怪的人 - People who have unusual or peculiar habits and behaviors.

例子: True eccentrics often live life on their own terms.

例子: The town was full of eccentrics who added charm to daily life.

2. 古怪的 - Unconventional or odd in a way that is not harmful.

例子: His eccentrics made him popular among friends.

例子: Eccentrics like Dickie bring color to ordinary routines.

近义词
oddities: 强调奇怪或不寻常的特征,通常更中性,而 'eccentrics' 带有积极的趣味感。
mavericks: 暗示独立和反传统,更强调创新和领导力,而 'eccentrics' 侧重个人怪癖。
nonconformists: 更正式,指不遵守规范的人,但 'eccentrics' 通常带有幽默或正面 connotation,而这个词更严肃。
反义词:
conformists, conventionalists, normals
用法
常用于描述有独特行为的人,常见于非正式语境,如文学或故事中,强调其对社会规范的忽略,可能涉及文化背景如英国文学中的古怪人物。
形式:
复数: eccentrics, 形容词形式: eccentric, 副词形式: eccentrically

关键句型 "such ... that"

定义

此句型用于强调某事物的程度导致了特定结果,结构为:such + 形容词 + 名词 + that + 从句。根据《剑桥英语语法手册》,它表示因果关系,强调形容词或名词的极端程度导致后续事件。举例来说,在文章中,“He was in such a bedraggled condition that an assistant refused to serve him” 展示了这种结构。

简单来说,它帮助表达“如此……以至于……”,让句子更有表现力。

用法

此句型常用于描述事物或情况的强烈程度,并在英语语法中属于从句连接方式的一部分。规则是:such 后跟形容词和名词(如 "such a heavy shower"),然后是 that 引导的结果从句。

在语法体系中,它与表示结果的从句相关,常与其他连接词如 "so ... that" 比较。横向比较:与 "so ... that"(用于形容词或副词,如 "so tired that")不同,such ... that 必须与名词结合(如 "such a condition that"),这让它更适合强调具体事物。相比于简单句,它增加了复杂性,帮助构建更丰富的叙述。

跨语法联系:它可以与过去时或现在时结合(如文章中的过去时),并与条件句或原因状语从句(如 "because")相关联,学生可通过练习区分这些以提升整体句法能力。

例如,在故事中,它生动地描绘了Dickie的狼狈状况导致的服务拒绝。

注意事项

学生常犯的错误包括:误用 suchso,如将 "such tired" 说成 "so a tired person",或遗漏 that 导致句子不完整(如 "He was in such a condition an assistant refused")。纠正建议:记住 such 需与名词搭配,并用逗号分隔主句和从句以保持清晰。

另一个常见问题是用法不当造成句子冗长,例如过度使用而忽略上下文。提供例句:

错误示例:He was such rich that he bought everything.  // 错误:rich 应为 a rich man 或类似。
正确示例:He was such a rich man that he could buy anything.

练习时,注意语调强调 such 以突出程度。

练习

原创例子:想象一个日常生活场景,比如 "She had such a busy schedule that she couldn't attend the party." 学生可以替换关键词,如将 "busy schedule" 换成 "tight budget",变成 "He had such a tight budget that he couldn't buy the gift."

这能帮助学生在类似故事中应用句型,例如描述朋友的经历:“My friend was in such bad weather that he arrived late.” 鼓励学生创建自己的故事,替换形容词和名词来加深记忆,并讨论结果从句如何改变整体含义。

额外内容

背景知识:这种句型源于英语的演变,起源于中古英语时期,用于增强叙述的戏剧性。在文化上,它常出现在文学作品中,如小说或传记,帮助突出人物性格。对比分析:与中文的 "如此……以至于……" 类似,但英语版本更结构化;相比法语的 "tellement ... que",英语的 such ... that 更直接,不需额外的动词变化。这能让学生更好地理解英语的表达效率,并在阅读如文章中的故事时欣赏其幽默效果。

关键句型 "without + gerund"

定义

此句型表示在没有做某事的情况下发生另一件事,结构为:without + 动名词(gerund)。根据《牛津现代英语语法》,动名词是动词的 -ing 形式,用作名词,without 则是一个介词,引导表示缺失或缺乏的短语。文章中的例子是 "They disregard social conventions without being conscious that they are doing anything extraordinary."

它本质上表达了“没有……就……”的含义,强调动作的顺其自然。

用法

此句型常用于描述行为或状态的伴随情况,常出现在叙述性文本中。规则:without 后直接接动名词短语(如 "without being conscious"),而非动词原形或不定式。

在语法体系中,它属于介词短语,与时间状语或条件状语相关。横向比较:与 "without + noun"(如 "without money")不同,without + gerund 强调持续的动作;相比 "by + gerund"(表示通过某种方式),它突出缺失,而非手段。这有助于学生区分介词的细微差异,例如 "without doing" vs. "by doing"。

跨语法联系:它常与过去时或现在时结合(如文章中的一般现在时),并可链接到其他从句,如条件句("if not for"),帮助学生构建更复杂的句子结构。

在实际中,它使语言更简洁流畅,比如描述Dickie的古怪行为。

注意事项

学生易犯错误包括:将动名词误用为动词原形(如 "without be conscious" 而非 "without being conscious"),或混淆为 "without to + verb",这在其他语言中常见。纠正建议:练习动名词的固定搭配,并用例句比较正确与错误形式。

另一个问题是忽略上下文,导致句子含糊,例如在正式写作中不适当地使用。例句展示:

错误示例:He left the shop without say anything.  // 错误:应为动名词形式。
正确示例:He left the shop without saying anything.

提醒学生,动名词后可加从句(如文章中的 "without being conscious that..."),但需保持逻辑连贯。

练习

原创例子:基于文章,学生可以说:“I went for a walk without checking the weather.” 他们可以替换动名词,如 “without wearing a coat”,并扩展到新场景:“She finished the project without taking a break.”

这鼓励学生用日常生活故事练习,例如:“He drove to work without listening to music.” 替换关键词能帮助他们探索不同情境,增强对句型的灵活应用,并讨论如何用它来描述个人经历。

额外内容

背景知识:动名词在英语中起源于古英语的动词形式,without + gerund 结构在现代英语中流行,用于非正式和正式写作,常见于传记或幽默故事中。对比分析:与西班牙语的 "sin + gerundio" 类似,英语版本更简洁;相比中文的 "没有……就……",它通过语法结构直接表达缺失,而非依赖词汇。这能丰富学生的跨文化理解,并在阅读如Dickie的故事时,欣赏这种句型如何增加叙述的深度和趣味性。