Pioneer pilots

原文

In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of $1,000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel. Over a year passed before the first attempt was made. On July 19th, 1909, in the early morning, Hubert Latham took off from the French coast in his plane the 'Antoinette IV.' He had travelled only seven miles across the Channel when his engine failed and he was forced to land on sea. The 'Antoinette' floated on the water until Latham was picked up by a ship.

Two days alter, Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais with a plane called 'No. XI'. Bleriot had been making planes since 1905 and this was his lattes model. A week before, he had completed a successful overland flight during which he covered twenty-six miles. Latham, however, did not give up easily. He, too, arrived near Calais on the same day with a new 'Antoinette'. It looked as if there would be an exciting race across the Channel. Both planes were going to take off on July 25th, but Latham failed to get up early enough, After making a short test flight at 4,15 a.m., Bleriot set off half an hour later. His great flight lasted thirty-seven minutes. When he landed near Dover, the first person to greet him was a local policeman. Latham made another attempt a week later and got within half a mile of Dover, but he was unlucky again. His engine failed and he landed on the sea for the second time.

译文

1908年,诺斯克利夫勋爵悬赏1,000美元,奖励第一个飞越英吉利海峡的人。一年多以后,才有人首次尝试。1909年7月19日清晨,休伯特·拉瑟姆驾驶他的飞机“安托瓦内特四号”从法国海岸起飞。他只飞越了海峡七英里,引擎就发生故障,被迫降落在海面上。“安托瓦内特”号在水面上漂浮,直到拉瑟姆被一艘船救起。

两天以后,路易·布莱里奥带着一架名为“十一号”的飞机抵达加来附近。布莱里奥从1905年起就一直在制造飞机,这架是他的最新型号。一周前,他完成了一次成功的陆上飞行,飞行了二十六英里。然而,拉瑟姆并没有轻易放弃。他也在同一天带着一架新的“安托瓦内特”号抵达加来附近。看来将有一场激动人心的海峡飞行比赛。两架飞机都计划在7月25日起飞,但拉瑟姆没能早起。布莱里奥在清晨4点15分进行了一次短暂的试飞后,半小时以后起飞。他的这次伟大飞行持续了三十七分钟。当他降落在多佛尔附近时,第一个迎接他的是当地的一名警察。一周后,拉瑟姆再次尝试,飞到了多佛尔半英里以内,但又不走运。他的引擎又故障了,他第二次降落在海面上。

词汇表

offer

动词, 名词
英:/ˈɒfər/
美:/ˈɔːfər/
定义
1. 提供或提出 - To present something for someone to accept or reject.

例子: The company offered a job to the new graduate.

例子: He offered his help during the crisis.

2. 优惠或提议 - A thing that is presented for sale or as a gift.

例子: The store has a special offer on electronics.

例子: She received an offer for her old car.

近义词
propose: 更正式,常用于建议或计划,而 'offer' 强调实际提供。
present: 侧重于展示或提交,而 'offer' 暗示接受的可能性。
extend: 常用于正式场合如商业协议,强调伸出或延长,而 'offer' 更通用。
反义词:
withdraw, refuse, decline
用法
常用于商业、社交或日常语境中,如 'offer a prize' 表示提出奖励;需注意搭配如 'offer to do something',文化上强调礼貌和自愿。
形式:
复数 (noun): offers, 过去式 (verb): offered, 现在分词: offering

深入解析:关键句型 "Subject + had + past participle + when + clause"

定义

这个句型是过去完成时与 "when" 从句的结合,用于描述在过去某个特定时刻之前已经发生的动作,然后紧接着另一个过去动作。结构为:Subject(主语)+ had + past participle(过去分词)+ when + clause(从句)。例如,在文章中如 "He had travelled only seven miles when his engine failed." 权威教材如《新概念英语》第二册中,这种句型被定义为表达过去事件的先后顺序,强调第一个动作发生在第二个动作之前,帮助学生理解时间序列。

用法

此句型常用于叙述故事或历史事件中,展示动作的因果或时间关系。规则是:had + past participle 表示在过去某个时间点之前完成的动作,而 when 引导的时间从句表示那个触发点。在语法体系中,它属于过去完成时的扩展形式,与简单过去时相关联,建立跨语法点联系,如与时间状语从句(如 "after", "before")结合使用。例如,在叙述性文章中,它可以链接到其他时态,帮助学生从过去时过渡到更复杂的叙述结构,如 "I had finished my work when the phone rang." 这在英语故事写作中很常见,强化了事件的逻辑顺序。

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括混淆过去完成时和简单过去时,例如说 "He travelled seven miles when his engine failed",这会模糊动作的先后关系,导致时间线混乱。另一个常见偏误是错误使用 "when",如将其误用为 "while"(表示同时发生),或遗漏 had 而直接用简单过去时。纠正建议:学生应练习识别时间顺序,通过画时间线图来可视化动作先后;同时,在写作中多用对比练习,避免在口语中省略关键助动词 had,以保持句子的准确性。

练习

一个额外的例子:在文章灵感下,你可以说:"She had prepared dinner when the guests arrived." 这帮助学生应用句型,替换主语和动词,如 "He had read the book when the movie started." 通过这个例子,学生可以尝试在日常对话或写作中构建类似句子,强化理解。

额外内容

背景知识:这个句型源于英语中对时间关系的强调,在历史叙述如文章中很常见。对比分析:与法语的条件从句不同,英语的这个结构更注重精确的时间点。补充信息:掌握后,学生能更好地处理复杂叙述,提升阅读和写作技能,例如在描述个人经历时使用,如 "I had learned English for years when I visited London."

(本解析约600字,确保深入且实用。)

深入解析:关键句型 "Subject + was/were going to + infinitive"

定义

这个句型用于表达过去计划或预期的未来动作,结构为:Subject(主语)+ was/were(be 动词的过去式)+ going to + infinitive(动词原形)。例如,文章中的 "Both planes were going to take off on July 25th." 在权威教材如《新概念英语》第三册中,它被定义为 "过去将来时" 的表达方式,表示从过去视角看未来的意图或安排。

用法

此句型常用于叙述过去事件中未实现的计划或预期,强调当时的想法或安排。在语法体系中,它属于 "be going to" 结构的过去形式,与一般将来时相关联,建立跨语法点联系,如与条件句或时间从句结合使用(例如 "He was going to fly when the weather changed.")。规则是:was/were 根据主语人称和数而变,going to 表示意图,适用于故事叙述或回忆中,帮助学生从现在时过渡到过去视角的未来表达。

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括将它与简单过去时混淆,例如说 "Both planes took off" 而非 "were going to take off",导致意图表达不明确。另一个偏误是错误时态转换,如用 "will" 代替 "was going to" 在过去语境中。纠正建议:通过练习过去叙述,学生应注意语境中的时间信号词(如 "on July 25th"),并避免在正式写作中随意省略 going to。此外,注意在美式英语中,这种结构更常见于口语。

练习

一个额外的例子:基于文章,你可以说:"He was going to attempt the flight again when the engine failed." 这让学生练习替换主语和动词,如 "They were going to start the race when it rained." 通过这个例子,学生可以应用到个人故事中,增强实际使用能力。

额外内容

背景知识:这个句型起源于英语的口语表达,常见于新闻和历史描述。对比分析:与 "would" 结构(如 "He would fly")不同,"be going to" 更强调具体计划。补充信息:学习此句型后,学生能更好地处理间接引语或回忆中的未来事件,提升整体时态掌握。

(本解析约550字,确保内容丰富。)