Daniel Mendoza

原文

Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago. In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money. Because of this, they were known as 'prizefighters'. However, boxing was very crude, for these were no rules and a prizefighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match.

One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who was born in 1764. The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules. Though he was technically a prizefighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prizefighting into a sport, for he brought science to the game. In this day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich and poor alike.

Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old. This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England. He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn. In fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him. The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight. A match was held at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour. The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time. It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England. Meanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils. He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as $100 for a single appear one of his pupils. He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as $100 for a single appearance. Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt. After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten. He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836.

译文

二百年前，拳击比赛在英国非常流行。那时，拳击手们赤手空拳为奖金而战。因此，他们被称为“奖金拳击手”。然而，拳击非常粗野，因为没有规则，一名奖金拳击手在比赛中可能受重伤甚至丧命。

拳击史上最引人注目的人物之一是丹尼尔·门多萨，他生于1764年。手套的使用直到1860年才被引入，那时昆斯伯里侯爵（注：Marquis of Queensberry）制定了第一套规则。尽管从技术上讲他是一名奖金拳击手，门多萨却为将粗野的拳击转变为一项运动做出了巨大贡献，因为他给这项运动带来了科学性。在他那个时代，门多萨享有极大的声望。他深受富人和穷人的喜爱。

门多萨在十四岁时参加一场拳击比赛后迅速成名。这引起了当时英国最著名的拳击手理查德·汉弗莱斯的注意。他提出训练门多萨，而这位年轻的弟子学得很快。事实上，门多萨很快取得巨大成功，以至于汉弗莱斯与他反目。两人激烈争吵，显然这场争端只能通过拳击来解决。一场在斯蒂尔顿举行的比赛中，两人战斗了一个小时。公众在门多萨身上下了巨额赌注，但他失败了。门多萨在后来的场合再次与汉弗莱斯交锋，并再次失利。直到1790年的第三场比赛，他才最终击败汉弗莱斯，成为英格兰冠军。同时，他创办了一个非常成功的学院，甚至拜伦勋爵也成为他的学生。他赚取了巨额财富，一次露面就能获付100美元。尽管如此，他挥霍无度，总是债台高筑。在被一位名叫“绅士杰克逊”的拳击手击败后，他很快被遗忘。他因无力偿债而入狱，并于1836年贫困潦倒地逝世。

词汇表

boxing

名词, 动词

英:/ˈbɒksɪŋ/

美:/ˈbɑːksɪŋ/

定义

1. 拳击运动 - A sport in which two people fight using their fists, often with gloves.

例子: Boxing has been a popular sport for centuries.

例子: He trains in boxing to improve his fitness.

2. 装箱 - The act of putting things into boxes for storage or transport.

例子: Boxing the books took the whole afternoon.

例子: The company specializes in the boxing of fragile items.

近义词

pugilism: 更正式的术语，常用于历史或专业语境中，指拳击的艺术，而非休闲描述。

fighting: 更泛化，常指任何形式的打斗，而 'boxing' 特指有规则的拳击运动。

combat: 更广泛，指任何形式的战斗或对抗，不限于拳击。

反义词:

peace, harmony, retreat

用法

常用于体育语境中，描述拳击比赛或训练；作为动词时，常与 'up' 搭配如 'boxing up' 表示打包；文化背景中，拳击象征勇气和力量。

形式:

复数: boxings (较少用), 动词过去式: boxed, 动词现在分词: boxing

深入解析：关键句型 "It was not until [time] that [event]."

定义

这个句型用于强调某件事直到特定时间才发生，结构通常是：It was not until + [time]（时间短语） + that + [event]（事件从句）。例如，在文章中如 "It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries"，它表示事件在指定时间前没有发生。根据权威教材如《新概念英语》或《剑桥英语语法》，这个句型是一种强调句型，强调时间的延迟，核心含义是突出“直到……才……”的逻辑关系。它属于强调结构的一部分，常用于过去事件中，以加强叙述的戏剧性。

用法

此句型主要用于描述过去或一般事件中的时间推迟场景，如历史叙述、个人经历或故事中，强调某事物的出现或变化。例如，在语法体系中，它链接到时间状语从句和强调句型，与其他时间表达如 "after" 或 "when" 相关，但更强调“直到那时才”。规则包括：that 引导的从句必须是陈述句形式，且主句通常用过去时；它在英语中常用于正式写作或叙述中，帮助学生建立从简单时间句到复杂强调句的过渡。跨语法点联系：它与过去时（Past Simple）结合使用（如文章中的例子），或与条件句相关，强化学生对时间序列的理解。

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括：省略 that，直接说 "It was not until 1790 he beat Humphries"，这会使句子不完整；或误用时态，如用现在时代替过去时，导致语义混乱。另一个常见偏误是将它与简单时间句混淆，例如说 "He beat Humphries until 1790"，这改变了原意。纠正建议：总是记住 that 是句型的关键连接词，并练习在上下文中使用过去时。同时，避免在口语中过度使用，以免显得过于正式；对于非母语者，建议通过朗读文章中的句子来强化记忆。

练习

一个额外的例子：在现代语境中，你可以说："It was not until I finished my homework that I went out to play." 这表示直到完成作业才出去玩。通过这个例子，学生可以尝试替换 [time] 和 [event]，如 "It was not until next year that she started her new job."，并在写作或对话中应用，以加深对句型的掌握。

额外内容

背景知识：这个句型源于英语的强调结构，类似于法语中的强调句形式，在文学和历史叙述中很常见。对比分析：与简单句型 "He beat Humphries in 1790" 相比，这个句型更强调时间的延迟，增加了情感张力。补充信息：在学习中，掌握此句型能帮助学生更好地理解英语故事的节奏，并过渡到更高级的语法，如倒装句或复杂从句，丰富语言表达能力。