Thirteen equals one

原文

Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since.

One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours! Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped.

Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer.

'Whatever are you doing up here Bill?' asked the vicar in surprise.

'I'm trying to repair the bell,' answered Bill. 'I've been coming up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise.'

'You certainly did give me a surprise!' said the vicar. 'You've probably woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, I'm glad the bell is working again.'

That's the trouble, vicar,' answered Bill. 'It's working all right, but I'm afraid that at one o'clock it will strike thirteen times and there's nothing I can do about it."

We'll get used to that, Bill,' said the vicar. "Thirteen is not as good as one, but it's better than nothing. Now let's go downstairs and have a cup of tea.'

译文

我们的教区牧师总是为这个或那个事业募集资金,但他从未设法筹集到足够的钱来修理教堂的钟。那口过去日夜报时的巨钟多年前就坏了,从那以后就一直沉默着。

然而,有一天夜里,牧师突然惊醒:钟在报时!他看了看表,是1点钟,可是钟敲了13下才停。

牧师拿着一支手电筒,爬上钟楼去看个究竟。在手电筒的光线下,他看见一个人影,立刻认出那是本地杂货商比尔·威尔金斯。

“你在这上面干吗,比尔?”牧师惊讶地问道。

“我在设法修理钟,”比尔回答,“我已经连续几个星期每夜都上这儿来。你知道,我是想给你一个惊喜。”

“你确实给我一个惊喜!”牧师说,“你大概把村里的人都吵醒了。不过,我很高兴钟又能报时了。”

“问题就在这儿,牧师,”比尔回答,“它运转正常,但恐怕每到1点它就会敲13下,而我对此无能为力。”

“我们会习惯的,比尔,”牧师说,“13下虽不如1下好,但总比没有强。现在咱们下楼去喝杯茶吧。”

词汇表

vicar

名词
英:/ˈvɪkə/
美:/ˈvɪkɚ/
定义
1. 牧师 - A priest in charge of a parish, especially in the Church of England.

例子: The vicar led the Sunday service at the church.

例子: Our vicar is known for his community work.

近义词
priest: 更通用,指任何宗教的祭司,而 'vicar' 特指英国国教的牧师。
clergyman: 强调职业角色,泛指基督教的牧师,但 'vicar' 更具体到教区负责人。
pastor: 常用于新教背景,侧重精神指导,而 'vicar' 更正式且历史性。
反义词:
layman, atheist, non-believer
用法
常用于英国英语和基督教语境中,指特定教区的精神领袖;文化背景中,常与乡村或社区活动相关。
形式:
复数: vicars

关键句型 "used to + verb"

定义

此句型用于描述过去经常发生的习惯或状态,但现在已不再存在。结构为:used to(过去常常)+ verb(动词原形)。例如,在文章中,“The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night” 表示钟过去经常敲响时钟,但现在不这样了。根据《剑桥英语语法》教材,这是一种表达过去习惯的固定句型,常用于叙述个人经历或历史事件。它帮助学习者区分过去与现在的变化,强调时间的流逝。

此句型简洁明了,适合描述不再持续的过去行为。

用法

"used to + verb" 主要用于讲述过去常见的活动、状态或事实,但不适用于现在。规则:在肯定句中,主语 + used to + 动词原形;在疑问句中,Did + 主语 + use to + verb;在否定句中,didn't use to + verb。它在语法体系中属于过去习惯表达,与现在习惯句型如 usually + verb 形成对比。

横向比较:与 would + verb(表示过去反复动作,如 "I would go there every day")相比,used to 更强调习惯的结束,而 would 常用于更生动的叙述;与简单过去时(如 "I went there every day")相比,used to 明确突出习惯性,而简单过去时可能只描述单一事件。跨语法联系:它与现在完成时(如 "has been silent")相关,因为两者都涉及时间延续,但 used to 专注于过去与现在的对比,帮助学生理解时间轴上的变化。

在实际场景中,此句型常用于个人故事、回忆或历史描述,例如谈论童年习惯。

注意事项

学生常犯的错误包括:将 used touse to 混淆,尤其在疑问句中(如说 "Used you to go?" 而非 "Did you use to go?");或误用为进行时(如 "used to going",应为 "used to go")。纠正建议:记住 used to 在肯定句中不需助动词,但在疑问和否定句中用 did。另一个常见偏误是与 be used to 混淆,后者表示习惯于某事(如 "I am used to waking up early",意思是现在已经习惯)。

提供具体例句:

错误示例:I used to plays football every day.  // 错误:动词应为原形。
正确示例:I used to play football every day, but now I don't.

练习时,注意语调和上下文,以避免表达不清晰。

练习

一个原创例子:假设你在和朋友聊天,你可以说:“When I was a child, I used to ride my bike to school every morning, but now I take the bus.” 学生可以替换关键词,如将 "ride my bike" 换成 "play games" 或 "eat candy",并调整为自己的经历,例如:“I used to visit my grandparents every weekend.” 这能帮助学生将句型应用到日常对话中,增强记忆。

通过这种替换练习,学生能体会到句型在描述个人变化时的灵活性,并尝试用在写作或口语中。

额外内容

背景知识:"used to" 起源于中古英语,源自 "wont to",用于表示习惯,体现了英语对过去事件的强调。在文化背景上,它常出现在英国文学中,如狄更斯的作品,描述社会变迁。对比分析:与汉语的 "过去常常" 类似,但英语更结构化;与法语的 "souhaitais" 不同,used to 不涉及虚拟语气,而是直接陈述事实。这能丰富学生的跨文化理解,并为学习更高级的过去表达(如过去完成时)奠定基础。