Life on a desert island

原文

Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island. We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines. Life there is simple and good. Ripe fruit falls from the trees and you never have to work. The other side of the picture is quite the opposite. Life on a desert island is wretched. You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe, Waiting for a boat which never comes. Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures, but few us have had the opportunity to find out.

Two men who recently spent five days on a coral island wished they had stayed there longer. They were taking a badly damaged boat from the Virgin Islands to Miami to have it repaired. During the journey, their boat began to sink. They quickly loaded a small rubber dinghy with food, matches, and cans of beer and rowed for a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island. There were hardly any trees on the island and there was no water, but this did not prove to be a problem. The men collected rainwater in the rubber dinghy. As they had brought a spear gun with them, they had plenty to eat. They caught lobster and fish every day,and, as one of them put it 'ate like kings'. When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, both men were genuinely sorry that they had to leave.

译文

我们大多数人对于荒岛上的生活形成了一种不切实际的图画。我们有时想象荒岛是一种天堂,那里阳光普照。生活简单而美好。成熟的果实从树上掉下来,你根本不必工作。图画的另一面则完全相反。荒岛上的生活是凄惨的。你要么饿死,要么像鲁滨逊·克鲁索一样,等待一艘永不来临的船。或许这两种图画都有一些真实性,但我们中很少有人有机会去发现。

最近有两个人在一个珊瑚岛上呆了五天,他们希望在那里呆得更长些。他们正把一艘严重损坏的船从维尔京群岛开往迈阿密去修理。在航行中,他们的船开始下沉。他们迅速把食物、火柴和几罐啤酒装进一只小橡皮救生艇,然后划了几英里穿过加勒比海,直到他们到达一个很小的珊瑚岛。岛上几乎没有树,也没有水,但这并没有成为问题。这些人用橡皮救生艇收集雨水。由于他们带了一支鱼叉枪,他们有的是吃的。他们每天捕龙虾和鱼,正如他们中的一个人所说的“吃得像国王一样”。五天以后,当一艘路过的油轮救起他们时,这两个人都真心实意地感到遗憾他们不得不离开。

词汇表

unrealistic

形容词
英:/ˌʌn.rɪˈæl.ɪ.stɪk/
美:/ˌʌn.riˈæl.ɪ.stɪk/
定义
1. 不现实的 - Not based on what is reasonable or possible in real life.

例子: It's unrealistic to expect to find ripe fruit falling from trees on every island.

例子: Many people have an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island.

2. 不切实际的 - Not practical or achievable.

例子: His plan to live without working is completely unrealistic.

例子: Expecting a boat to come immediately is unrealistic in such situations.

近义词
impractical: 强调无法实际应用,'unrealistic' 更侧重于脱离现实,而 'impractical' 关注可行性。
unfeasible: 更正式,常用于专业语境,'unrealistic' 则更通用且主观。
idealistic: 带有积极的梦想意味,'unrealistic' 则更中性或负面,暗示脱离实际。
反义词:
realistic, practical, feasible
用法
常用于描述期望或想法脱离现实,常搭配如 'unrealistic expectations',在非正式和正式语境中均适用,无特定文化背景限制。
形式:
比较级: more unrealistic, 最高级: most unrealistic

关键句型 "imagine something to be something"

定义

此句型用于表达对某事物的想象或看法,结构为:imagine(想象)+ [something](某物)+ to be(是)+ [something](另一事物)。根据《剑桥英语语法手册》,这是一种常见的表达方式,表示将某物视为或想象成另一种状态,常用于描述主观观点或虚构场景。它帮助学习者构建叙述性语言,强调主语对对象的认知。

例如,在文章中:“We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise.” 这里,imagine 引导一个动词不定式短语,清晰地定义了想象的内容。

用法

此句型主要用于描述个人或他人的想象、信念或误解,常出现在故事、描述或讨论中。规则:imagine 后跟宾语(something),再用 to be 连接描述(something)。它在语法体系中属于动词 + 不定式结构的位置,与其他表达方式如 think of something as something 相关联。

横向比较:与 consider something to be something 类似,两者都使用不定式表达看法,但 imagine 更侧重于虚构或非现实的想象,而 consider 更客观。例如,imagine 用于幻想(如文章中的沙漠岛),而 consider 用于实际评估。相比 see something as somethingimagine to be 强调主动的心理过程,能与条件句结合,如 "I imagine it to be fun if we go."

在实际场景中,此句型常用于文学或对话中,帮助建立跨语法联系,如与虚拟语气结合,强化假设情景。

注意事项

学生容易犯的错误包括:遗漏 to be,直接说 imagine something something,这会使句子不完整;或误用动词形式,如 imagining something to be 而忽略主句的时态一致。纠正建议:始终记住 to be 是连接词,练习时用简单句构建。

另一个常见问题是用错宾语类型,例如,将具体名词替换为抽象概念时混淆含义。提供例句:

错误示例:We imagine the island a paradise.(缺少 to be,句子不完整)
正确示例:We imagine the island to be a paradise.(完整表达想象)

练习

一个原创例子:假设你在讨论旅行时说:“I imagine living in the mountains to be very peaceful.” 学生可以替换关键词,如将 living in the mountains 换成 working abroad,变成 “I imagine working abroad to be exciting.” 这能帮助他们在日常对话中应用,例如在朋友聚会时分享梦想。

通过这种替换,学生能加深对句型的灵活性,逐步从简单描述过渡到复杂叙述。

额外内容

背景知识:此句型源于英语中动词 + 不定式的传统结构,常见于19世纪文学如狄更斯的作品中,反映了浪漫主义对想象力的强调。对比分析:与中文的 "想象某物是某物" 类似,但英语更结构化;与法语的 "imaginer quelque chose comme quelque chose" 相比,英语使用 to be 更直接简单。这能丰富学生的文化理解,鼓励他们在写作中探索类似表达,提升语言的创造性。

关键句型 "wish + that clause with past perfect"

定义

此句型用于表达对过去情况的遗憾或愿望,结构为:wish(希望)+ that + [subject] + had + past participle(过去完成时)。根据《牛津现代英语语法》,这是一种虚拟语气结构,表示与过去事实相反的假设,常用于后悔或未实现的 desires。它让学习者处理时间上的反事实,帮助在叙述中添加情感深度。

例如,文章中的:“Two men who recently spent five days on a coral island wished they had stayed there longer.” 这里,wishedhad stayed 结合,定义了未实现的过去愿望。

用法

此句型常用于表达对过去事件的遗憾,适用于故事结尾、个人反思或对话中。规则:主句用 wish 的过去式,that从句用过去完成时(had + 过去分词),强调虚拟情景。它在语法体系中属于虚拟语气的一部分,与条件句(如 if clauses)相关联。

横向比较:与 regret + gerund(如 "I regret going")相比,wish + that clause 更正式且强调假设;与 if only + past perfect(如 "If only I had known")类似,但 wish 结构更通用,能独立使用。相比简单过去(如 "I wish I stayed"),过去完成时突出时间距离,强化遗憾感。

跨语法联系:它常与其他虚拟结构结合,如在叙述中链接到条件句中,构建更复杂的句子,例如 "I wish I had gone, because it would have been fun."

注意事项

学生常犯错误包括:用简单过去代替过去完成时,如 wished they stayed 而非 had stayed,导致时态不准确;或遗漏 that,使句子显得不正式。纠正建议:练习时强调时态一致,并用例句比较正确与错误。

另一个问题是混淆主句时态,例如用现在式 wish 而非过去式在叙述中。提供例句:

错误示例:I wish I stayed longer yesterday.(应使用过去完成时)
正确示例:I wished I had stayed longer yesterday.(正确表达过去遗憾)

练习

一个原创例子:想象一个旅行经历,“After the trip, she wished she had packed more clothes.” 学生可以替换关键词,如将 packed more clothes 换成 learned the language,变成 “He wished he had learned the language before going.” 这适用于日常反思场景,如在日记中写下遗憾。

通过替换,学生能将句型应用到个人故事中,增强记忆和实际使用。

额外内容

背景知识:虚拟语气在英语中起源于古英语的条件表达,特别是在莎士比亚时代用于戏剧中,突出情感冲突。对比分析:与西班牙语的虚拟语气类似,英语的 wish 结构需要特定时态变化;与中文的 "要是...就好了" 相比,英语更依赖语法而非词汇。这有助于学生理解文化中对遗憾的表达方式,鼓励他们在写作或口语中探索类似句型,以提升情感表达能力。