70 miles an hour

原文

Ann: Look, Harry! That policeman's waving to you. He wants you to stop.

Policeman: Where do you think you are? On a race track?You must have been driving at seventy miles an hour.

Harry: I can't have been.

Policeman: I was doing eighty when I overtook you.

Policeman: Didn't you see the speed limit?

Harry: I'm afraid I didn't, officer. I must have been dreaming .

Ann: He wasn't dreaming, officer. I was telling him to drive slowly.

Harry: That's why I didn't see the sign.

Policeman: Let me see your driving-license and your insurance certificate.

Policeman: I won't charge you this time. But you'd better not do it again!

Harry: Thank you. I'll certainly be more careful.

Ann: I told you to drive slowly, Harry.

Harry: You always tell me to drive slowly, darling.

Ann: Well, next time you'd better take my advice!

译文

Ann: 看,Harry!那个警察在向你招手。他要你停下来。

Policeman: 你以为你在哪儿?在赛道上?你一定是开到七十英里一小时了。

Harry: 我不可能。

Policeman: 我超过你的时候正开着八十英里。

Policeman: 你没看到速度限制吗?

Harry: 恐怕我没看到,警官。我一定是做梦了。

Ann: 他不是在做梦,警官。我正在告诉他慢慢开车。

Harry: 那就是为什么我没看到标志。

Policeman: 让我看看你的驾驶执照和保险证明。

Policeman: 这次我不罚你了。但你最好别再这样!

Harry: 谢谢你。我一定会更小心。

Ann: 我告诉过你慢慢开车,Harry。

Harry: 你总是叫我慢慢开车,亲爱的。

Ann: 好吧,下次你最好听我的劝告!

词汇表

waving

动词, 名词
英:/ˈweɪvɪŋ/
美:/ˈweɪvɪŋ/
定义
1. 挥手 - Moving one's hand to and fro in greeting or to attract attention.

例子: She was waving to her friends from across the street.

例子: The child was waving excitedly at the parade.

2. 挥动 - As a noun, the action of waving something.

例子: The waving of flags added to the festive atmosphere.

例子: He demonstrated the waving technique in the dance class.

近义词
gesturing: 更泛指任何手势动作,而 'waving' 特指来回摆动,常用于友好的互动。
signaling: 强调传递信号或信息,'waving' 更随意,而 'signaling' 可包括非手势形式。
beckoning: 特指召唤或示意靠近,'waving' 更中性,可能只是问候。
反义词:
ignoring, avoiding, withdrawing
用法
常用于描述社交互动或吸引注意力的动作,常见搭配如 'waving goodbye'(挥手道别),在非正式语境中更常见。
形式:
复数(作为名词): wavins (不常见), 过去式: waved, 过去分词: waved, 现在分词: waving, 第三人称单数: waves

关键句型 "You'd better + verb"

定义

此句型用于给出建议或警告,意思是“最好……”或“应该……”。结构为:You'd better(你最好)+ verb(动词原形)。根据《剑桥英语语法》,You'd betterYou had better 的缩写形式,常用于表达必要性或避免负面后果,确保语气直接但带有劝告意味。它常用于口语中,帮助学习者传达实用建议。

例如,在对话中,“You'd better not do it again”表示建议停止某行为以避免问题。

用法

此句型主要用于建议他人采取行动,尤其在紧急或重要情况下,如交通安全或日常决策。规则:You'd better 后直接接动词原形,可以加否定形式(not + verb)。在语法体系中,它属于情态表达,与 shouldought to 类似,但 You'd better 更强调潜在后果。

横向比较:与 should + verb 相比,You'd better 语气更强硬,暗示不听从可能导致不良结果(如 "You should drive slowly" vs. "You'd better drive slowly, or you'll get a ticket");与 must + verb 相比,You'd better 更像个人建议而非命令。跨语法联系:它涉及助动词 had,可与条件句结合(如 "If you're late, you'd better hurry"),帮助学生理解情态动词的多样性。

此句型在对话中很常见,适合初学者练习实际交流。

注意事项

学生常犯的错误包括:误用为命令语气,导致听起来太严厉;或忘记缩写形式,直接说 You had better,在口语中显得正式。纠正建议:练习时注意语调温和,并使用否定形式正确,如 You'd better not 而非 You'd not better

另一个常见偏误是与 would rather 混淆,后者表示偏好(如 "I'd rather stay home")。提供例句:

错误示例:You better drive slowly.(缺少 'd,显得不完整)
正确示例:You'd better drive slowly, or you might get fined.

记住,You'd better 后不能加 to + 动词。

练习

原创例子:假设在交通场景中说:“You'd better check your speed before driving on the highway.” 学生可以替换 verb 为其他动作,如 “stop” 或 “wear a seatbelt”,并改编为个人场景,例如:“You'd better take an umbrella; it's going to rain.”

通过替换关键词,学生能将此句型应用到日常生活,如朋友聚会或家庭建议中,从而加深掌握。

额外内容

背景知识:You'd better 起源于英语中用于劝诫的表达,常见于英美口语文化中,强调实用性。对比分析:与西班牙语的 "Deberías..." 类似,但英语版本更简洁,无需额外动词变化。与中文的 "你最好……" 对应,学生可联想母语习惯。学习此句型还能扩展到其他建议表达,如 It's better to + verb,丰富对话能力。

关键句型 "Must have + past participle"

定义

此句型用于推测过去已经发生的动作或状态,表达强烈的可能性或逻辑结论。结构为:Must have(一定已经)+ past participle(过去分词)。根据《牛津现代英语语法》,它属于情态动词的完成形式,常表示根据证据得出的推断,确保语气肯定。

例如,“You must have been driving at seventy miles an hour”意味着说话者基于观察推测过去行为。

用法

此句型主要用于对过去的推测场景,如解释事件或分析情况。规则:Must have 后接过去分词,形成完成时态;否定形式为 Can't have + past participle。在语法体系中,它是情态动词与完成时的结合,与 may havecould have 相关,用于表示不确定性级别。

横向比较:与 may have + past participle 相比,must have 表示更确定的推测(如 "He may have forgotten" vs. "He must have forgotten");与简单过去时相比,它强调结果或影响。跨语法联系:可与过去完成时(如 had + past participle)联系,学生可比较二者的细微差别,例如在叙述故事时使用。

此句型在对话中很实用,帮助学习者表达推理。

注意事项

学生易犯错误包括:混淆 must havemust has,后者不正确;或错误使用在未来推测中。纠正建议:记住 must have 只用于过去,并练习否定和疑问形式,如 “Can't you have seen the sign?”

常见偏误是将它与事实陈述混淆,导致语气不当。提供例句:

错误示例:You must have drove fast.(应为 drove 的过去分词 driven)
正确示例:You must have driven fast based on the evidence.

强调时态一致性以避免错误。

练习

原创例子:在日常场景中说:“You must have left your keys at home, since they're not here.” 学生可以替换 past participle 为其他词,如 “forgotten” 或 “eaten”,并调整为新情境,例如:“She must have missed the bus, as she's late.”

通过这种替换,学生能将句型用于个人经历,如反思错误行为,从而提升实际应用能力。

额外内容

背景知识:此句型源于英语中推测的演变,常见于侦探故事或日常推理中。对比分析:与法语的 "Doit avoir + past participle" 类似,但英语更灵活。学生可对比母语的推测表达,如中文的 "一定已经……",以加深理解。额外,掌握此句型能引出其他情态完成时,如 should have + past participle,用于后悔或建议。