The power of the press

原文

In democratic countries any efforts to restrict the freedom of the press are rightly condemned. However, this freedom can easily be abused. Stories about people often attract far more public attention than political events. Though we may enjoy reading about the lives of others, it is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy reading about ourselves. Acting on the contention that facts are sacred, reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details about their private lives. Newspapers exert such tremendous influence that they can not only bring about major changes to the lives of ordinary people but can even overthrow a government.

The story of a poor family that acquired fame and fortune overnight, dramatically illustrates the power of the press. The family lived in Aberdeen, a small town of 23,000 inhabitants in South Dakota. As the parents had five children, life was a perpetual struggle against poverty. They were expecting their sixth child and were faced with even more pressing economic problems. If they had only had one more child, the fact would have passed unnoticed. They would have continued to struggle against economic odds and would have lived in obscurity. But they suddenly became the parents of quintuplets, an aeroplane arrived in Aberdeen bringing sixty reporters and photographers.

The rise to fame was swift. Television cameras and newspapers carried the news to everyone in the country. Newspapers and magazines offered the family huge sums for the exclusive rights to publish stories and photographs. Gifts poured in not only from unknown people, but room baby food and soap manufacturers who wished to advertise their products. The old farmhouse the family lived in was to be replaced by new $500,000 home. Reporters kept pressing for interviews so lawyers had to be employed to act as spokesmen for the family at press conferences. While the five babies were babies were still quietly sleeping in oxygen tents in hospital nursery, their parents were paying the price for fame. It would never again be possible for them to lead normal lives. They had become the victims of commercialization, for their names had acquired a market value. Instead of being five new family members, these children had immediately become a commodity.

译文

在民主国家,任何限制新闻自由的努力都是正确的谴责。然而,这种自由很容易被滥用。关于人们的报道往往比政治事件更能吸引公众的注意。虽然我们可能喜欢阅读他人的生活,但我们是否同样喜欢阅读自己的生活却极可怀疑。记者们坚持认为事实神圣,通过公布个人私生活细节,他们可能给个人带来无法形容的痛苦。报纸具有巨大的影响力,不仅能给普通人的生活带来重大变化,甚至能推翻一个政府。

一个贫穷家庭一夜之间获得名利的故事,戏剧性地说明了新闻的力量。那个家庭住在南达科他州的阿伯丁,一个拥有23,000居民的小镇。由于父母有五个孩子,生活是与贫困的不断斗争。他们正在期待第六个孩子,并面临着更加紧迫的经济问题。如果他们只生了一个孩子,这件事就会悄无声息。他们会继续与经济困难作斗争,并在默默无闻中生活下去。但是,他们突然成了五胞胎的父母,一架飞机抵达阿伯丁,带来了六十名记者和摄影师。

成名是迅速的。电视摄影机和报纸把这个消息传遍了全国。报纸和杂志出高价向这个家庭购买独家报道和照片的权利。礼物如潮水般涌来,不仅来自陌生人,还来自婴儿食品和肥皂制造商,他们希望借此宣传自己的产品。那个家庭居住的旧农舍将被一栋价值50万美元的新住宅所取代。记者们不断要求采访,因此不得不雇用律师在记者招待会上作为家庭的发言人。当五个婴儿还在医院的育婴室里安静地睡在氧气帐里时,他们的父母已经在为名声付出代价。他们再也不能过正常的生活了。他们成了商业化的受害者,因为他们的名字已经有了市场价值。这些孩子不再是五个新的家庭成员,而立即变成了一种商品。

词汇表

freedom

名词
英:/ˈfriːdəm/
美:/ˈfriːdəm/
定义
1. 自由 - The power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance.

例子: Freedom of speech allows people to express their opinions openly.

例子: In many countries, freedom is a fundamental human right.

2. 解放 - The state of not being imprisoned or enslaved.

例子: After years in jail, he finally gained his freedom.

例子: The bird enjoyed its freedom in the open sky.

近义词
liberty: 强调法律或政治上的权利,常用于正式语境,而 'freedom' 更广泛地包括个人选择。
independence: 侧重于脱离控制或自给自足,常用于国家或个人自治,与 'freedom' 相比更强调自主性。
autonomy: 特指自我管理或决策的权利,常用于组织或地区层面,而 'freedom' 更泛指一般自由。
反义词:
oppression, slavery, captivity
用法
常用于政治、社会或个人语境中,常见搭配如 'freedom of speech' 或 'fight for freedom',在民主国家中尤为重要。
形式:
复数: freedoms

深入解析:关键句型 "such...that"

定义

"such...that" 句型是一种用于表达程度和结果的结构,通常表示某事物的程度如此之大,以至于导致了某种结果。根据权威教材如《新概念英语》或其他英语语法书籍,这个句型的核心结构是:such + 形容词/副词 + 名词 + that + 从句。例如,在文章中出现的句子 "Newspapers exert such tremendous influence that they can not only bring about major changes...",这里的 such tremendous influence 强调了影响的巨大程度,从而引导出结果从句。它的含义是强调因果关系,其中 such 用于修饰名词短语,that 引导结果状语从句,突出极端情况下的后果。

用法

这个句型常用于描述某种事物或情况的极端程度及其引发的后果,适用于正式写作和口语表达中。例如,在新闻报道或描述社会现象时非常常见,如文章中用来说明媒体的影响力。在语法体系中,它属于结果状语从句的一部分,与其他状语从句(如原因状语的 "because")相关联,建立起因果逻辑的联系。规则包括:such 必须紧跟形容词或副词和名词(例如,"such great success that..."),而 that 引导的从句通常是完整的句子。跨语法点联系:它与比较结构(如 "so...that")相似,但 "such...that" 更侧重于名词短语,而 "so...that" 用于形容词或副词,帮助学生区分并灵活运用不同强调方式。此外,在复杂句中,它可以与其他结构结合,如在文章中与 "not only...but also" 一起使用,形成更丰富的表达。

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括:误用 "so...that" 代替 "such...that",例如说 "so tremendous influence that..." 而忽略了名词的修饰;或者遗漏 that,直接说 "such tremendous influence they can...",导致句子不完整。另一个常见偏误是过度使用这个句型,使文章显得 repetitive,或在非正式场合使用时显得过于正式。纠正建议:学生应先识别句中是否有名词需要强调,然后练习将 such 置于形容词和名词前,并确保 that 从句逻辑清晰。通过阅读更多示例句子,学生可以避免将它与 "such as"(例如)混淆,后者用于列举而非结果。

练习

一个额外的例子:在文章灵感下,你可以说:"The family faced such overwhelming fame that they could no longer live privately." 这个句子帮助学生理解如何应用 "such...that" 来描述媒体影响。通过这个例子,学生可以尝试替换形容词(如 "overwhelming" 换成 "sudden")和名词(如 "fame" 换成 "pressure"),然后构建自己的句子,例如 "The reporters caused such a stir that the town was in chaos.",以强化实际应用。

额外内容

背景知识:这个句型源于英语中强调对比和结果的传统表达方式,在莎士比亚时代已见雏形。对比分析:与中文的 "如此...以至于..." 类似,但英语版本更结构化。补充信息:在现代英语中,这个句型常用于说服性写作,如广告或新闻,帮助学生提升说服力;同时,它与条件句结合时(如虚拟语气)可以创建更复杂的叙述,丰富语言表达能力。

深入解析:关键句型 "not only...but also"

定义

"not only...but also" 句型是一种用于强调并列和对比的结构,表示不仅仅有 A,而且还有 B,从而突出事物的全面性或增加性。根据权威教材如《新概念英语》,这个句型的结构是:not only + 部分1 + but also + 部分2。它用于连接两个相等成分,如名词、动词或从句,强调后者超出前者的程度。例如,文章中的句子 "they can not only bring about major changes...but can even overthrow a government",展示了媒体影响的深度。核心含义是加强对比,突出 "but also" 部分的重要性,以增强表达的说服力。

用法

此句型常用于正式写作、演讲或描述事件时,强调事物的多方面影响或扩展。在语法体系中,它属于并列结构的一部分,与其他连接词(如 "and")相关,但更强调递进关系。规则包括:not onlybut also 必须平行对称,例如 "not only A but also B",其中 A 和 B 应为相同语法成分(如两个动词)。跨语法点联系:它与比较结构(如 "more than")或结果状语(如 "such...that")结合使用,能构建复杂句式,帮助学生从简单并列过渡到高级表达。在文章中,它与结果状语从句结合,强化了媒体的强大作用。此外,这个句型在口语中可用于辩论或解释原因,增强逻辑性。

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括:不保持平行结构,例如说 "not only they can bring changes but also overthrow government",导致语法不一致;或省略 also,说 "not only...but",使句子不完整。另一个偏误是过度使用,导致句子冗长或重复。纠正建议:学生应练习确保 not onlybut also 后的成分一致性,如名词对名词、动词对动词。通过改写句子练习,学生可以避免将它与 "not only...but" 混淆,后者虽类似但不正式。还需注意,在非正式英语中,有时会简化成 "not only...but",但在学习阶段应坚持完整形式。

练习

一个额外的例子:基于文章内容,你可以说:"Reporters not only invaded their privacy but also turned their lives upside down." 这个句子让学生看到如何应用句型来描述负面影响。通过这个例子,学生可以尝试替换成分,例如 "not only caused suffering but also created chaos",并在上下文中使用,以提高表达的精确性。

额外内容

背景知识:这个句型起源于拉丁文修辞手法,旨在增强说服力,在英语演变中广泛用于文学和新闻。对比分析:与法语的类似结构不同,英语版更灵活,可用于各种语境。补充信息:掌握后,学生能更好地处理辩论性话题,如媒体伦理,并将其与虚拟语气结合(如 "If not only A, but also B, then..."),从而提升整体写作水平。