Speed and comfort

原文

People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air. Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey. Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep. During the day, sleep comes in snatches. At night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so. If you are lucky enough to get a sleeper, you spend half the night staring at the small blue light in the ceiling, or fumbling to find you ticket for inspection. Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted. Long car journeys are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on roads with few service stations and too much traffic. By comparison, ferry trips or cruises offer a great variety of civilized comforts. You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, meet interesting people and enjoy good food -- always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm. If it is not, and you are likely to get seasick, no form of transport could be worse. Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time. Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice holiday time for the pleasure of travlling by sea.

Aeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and even hardened travellers are intimidated by them. They also have the disadvantage of being an expensive form of transport. But nothing can match them for speed and comfort. Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience. You do not have to devise ways of taking your mind off the journey, for an aeroplane gets you to your destination rapidly. For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight. The real escapist can watch a film and sip champagne on some services. But even when such refinements are not available, there is plenty to keep you occupied. An aeroplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world. You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys. You really see the shape of the land. If the landscape is hidden from view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky. The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled. You will not have to spend the next few days recovering from a long and arduous journey.

译文

长途旅行的人们常常不得不决定是选择陆路、海路还是空路。几乎没有人能真正享受在火车上坐上几个小时以上。火车车厢很快就会变得拥挤和闷热。几乎不可能不去想旅程。阅读只是一个部分的解决办法,因为车轮在铁轨上单调的节奏很快就会使你入睡。白天,睡眠断断续续。晚上,当你真正想睡觉时,你很少能做到。如果幸运地得到一个卧铺,你会花半夜时间盯着天花板上的小蓝灯,或者摸索着找你的票检查。不可避免地,你到达目的地时几乎精疲力尽。

长途汽车旅行甚至更不愉快,因为甚至阅读都不可能。在高速公路上,你至少可以相对安全地高速行驶,但更多时候,旅程的大部分时间是在服务站很少且交通拥挤的道路上度过的。相比之下,轮渡旅行或游轮提供各种文明的舒适。你可以在宽敞的甲板上伸展双腿,玩游戏,结识有趣的人,并享受美食——当然,前提是海面平静。如果不是这样,而且你容易晕船,没有任何交通工具比这更糟。即使在理想的天气下,海路旅行也需要很长时间。很少有人愿意为了海路旅行的乐趣而牺牲假期时间。

飞机以危险闻名,甚至老练的旅行者也对它们心存畏惧。它们也有昂贵的交通工具的缺点。但在速度和舒适方面,没有什么能与它们媲美。在3万英尺的高空,远在云层之上,以每小时500多英里的速度旅行是一种令人兴奋的经历。你不必想办法不去想旅程,因为飞机很快就会把你带到目的地。在几个小时内,你可以靠在深 armchair 上享受飞行。真正的逃避现实者可以在某些航班上观看电影并品尝香槟。但即使这些精致的服务不可用,也有 plenty 的事情可以让你忙碌。飞机为你提供世界的一个不同寻常且 breathtaking 的景观。你毫不费力地飞越高山和深谷。你真正看到了土地的形状。如果景观被隐藏起来,你可以欣赏那连绵不断的云海,在你面前延伸数英里,而太阳在晴朗的天空灿烂地照耀着。旅程如此平稳,以至于没有什么能阻止你阅读或睡觉。不管你决定如何度过你的时间,有一点是肯定的:你会精神焕发地到达目的地,不会疲惫。你不必花接下来的几天时间从漫长而艰辛的旅程中恢复。

词汇表

journey

名词, 动词
英:/ˈdʒɜːni/
美:/ˈdʒɝːni/
定义
1. 旅程 - A trip from one place to another, especially over a long distance.

例子: The journey by train took over 10 hours.

例子: She documented her entire journey across Europe in a blog.

2. 过程 - The process of traveling or experiencing something.

例子: Life is a journey full of ups and downs.

例子: His journey to recovery after the accident was inspiring.

近义词
trip: 更侧重于短期或休闲的旅行,而 'journey' 常暗示较长或有挑战性的旅程。
voyage: 通常用于海上的长途旅行,带有探险意味,比 'journey' 更正式。
expedition: 强调有组织或目的性的冒险旅行,与 'journey' 相比更具探索性。
反义词:
arrival, destination, stay
用法
常用于描述旅行或人生过程,常见搭配如 'long journey' 或 'journey by car',在正式和非正式语境中均适用,强调经历而非终点。
形式:
复数: journeys, 动词过去式: journeyed, 动词现在分词: journeying

关键句型 "Whether...or..."

定义

这个句型用于表达选择、犹豫或两种可能性之间的对比,常用于引导从句,表示在两种选项中做决定。结构通常是:Whether + [选项1] + or + [选项2],后接一个主句。根据《剑桥英语语法》教材,这种句型常与动词如 "decide" 或 "prefer" 搭配,用于正式或非正式语境中表达不确定性或比较。

例如,在文章中:“People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air.” 这里,whether...or... 清晰地列出选择选项。

用法

此句型主要用于询问、决定或描述两种或多种备选方案,常出现在疑问句、条件句或陈述句中。规则:在 whether 后跟第一个选项,or 连接第二个选项,然后连接到主句。语法体系中,它属于连接词结构,与其他从句引导词(如 "if")相关,但 whether 更强调选择而非条件。

横向比较:与 "if...then..." 相比,whether...or... 不涉及条件结果,而是单纯列出选项,因此更适合决策语境;与 "either...or..." 类似,但 whether 常用于正式表达,而 "either...or..." 更侧重于二选一的排他性。另外,它可以与情态动词结合,如 "whether you would prefer...",这与虚拟语气相关,帮助学生理解跨语法点联系。

在实际应用中,此句型常用于旅行、购物或日常决策场景,比如计划活动时说:“I need to decide whether to go by bus or train.”

注意事项

学生容易犯的错误包括:误用 if 代替 whether,导致句意模糊(如 "if you prefer to go by land or sea",这会使句子听起来像条件句);或者遗漏 or,使句子不完整。纠正建议:记住 whether 必须与 or 配对,并练习在句子中正确放置。另一个常见问题是用在非正式场合时显得过于正式,建议根据语境调整。

错误示例:I have to decide if I go by land or sea.  (缺少 whether,且时态不一致)
正确示例:I have to decide whether to go by land or sea.

这能帮助学生区分正式与非正式表达。

练习

一个原创例子:假设你在计划周末出行,你可以说:“I’m not sure whether to visit the mountains or the beach this weekend.” 学生可以替换关键词,比如将 "mountains" 换成 "city",并扩展为:“We have to decide whether to eat Italian or Chinese food tonight.”

通过这种替换,学生能将句型应用到实际生活,如旅行规划或菜单选择,增强记忆和灵活性。

额外内容

背景知识:Whether...or... 起源于英语中拉丁语的影响,用于表达二分法,在现代英语中常见于正式写作或演讲。对比分析:与中文的 "是...还是..." 类似,但英语版本更结构化;在法语中,类似结构是 "si...ou...",强调选择性。了解这个句型能帮助学生在跨文化交流中更自信,例如在旅游咨询时使用,进而扩展到更复杂的句型如 "whether...or not..."。

关键句型 "By comparison, ..."

定义

这个句型用于对比两个或多个事物,突出差异或相似性,结构为:By comparison + [主句],常引导一个陈述句强调相对优势或劣势。根据《牛津现代英语语法》,它是一种过渡短语,帮助连接前后内容,使文章更连贯。

在文章中:“By comparison, ferry trips or cruises offer a great variety of civilized comforts.” 这里,它对比了陆地和海上传输的优缺点。

用法

此句型主要用于议论性文本或口语中,进行比较分析,规则是放在句首或句中,后面跟描述性内容。在语法体系中,它属于连接词或短语,类似于 "in contrast" 或 "however",但更侧重于正面比较。横向比较:与 "compared to" 相比,By comparison 更正式,常用于写作;与 "on the other hand" 不同,它直接引出对比而非转折,还可以与形容词比较级结合,如 "more pleasant by comparison",这与比较级语法点相关,建立联系。

实际场景包括产品评论、旅行建议或日常对话,例如:“By comparison, flying is faster than driving.” 这有助于学生理解如何在段落中构建逻辑流。

注意事项

学生常犯错误是误用为简单对比而非特定语境,导致句子冗余(如直接说 "Ferry trips are better" 而忽略过渡);或拼写错误,将其写成 "By compare"。纠正建议:练习在写作中用此句型连接段落,并注意前后句的逻辑一致。另一个问题是过度使用,建议结合其他过渡词如 "however" 以避免重复。

错误示例:Ferry trips offer comforts. By comparison they are better than trains.  (句子不连贯)
正确示例:By comparison, ferry trips offer a great variety of comforts compared to trains.

这能强化学生对对比句的掌握。

练习

原创例子:在讨论交通时,你可以说:“By comparison, taking the train is more relaxing than driving in traffic.” 学生可以替换内容,例如:“By comparison, eating at home is cheaper than dining out.” 这适用于预算讨论或生活选择场景。

鼓励学生修改句子,如改变主语或添加细节,以加深对句型的应用。

额外内容

背景知识:By comparison 源自英语演变中的比较表达,常见于17世纪的科学写作,用于客观分析。在文化上,它反映了英语中强调逻辑和对比的传统。对比分析:与西班牙语的 "en comparación" 相似,但英语更简洁;在日语中,类似短语需要更多词汇。学习此句型能提升学生的写作技能,并扩展到高级表达如 "In comparison with...",丰富他们的语言工具箱。