Speed and comfort

原文

People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air. Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey. Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep. During the day, sleep comes in snatches. At night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so. If you are lucky enough to get a sleeper, you spend half the night staring at the small blue light in the ceiling, or fumbling to find you ticket for inspection. Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted. Long car journeys are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on roads with few service stations and too much traffic. By comparison, ferry trips or cruises offer a great variety of civilized comforts. You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, meet interesting people and enjoy good food -- always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm. If it is not, and you are likely to get seasick, no form of transport could be worse. Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time. Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice holiday time for the pleasure of travlling by sea.

Aeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and even hardened travellers are intimidated by them. They also have the disadvantage of being an expensive form of transport. But nothing can match them for speed and comfort. Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience. You do not have to devise ways of taking your mind off the journey, for an aeroplane gets you to your destination rapidly. For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight. The real escapist can watch a film and sip champagne on some services. But even when such refinements are not available, there is plenty to keep you occupied. An aeroplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world. You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys. You really see the shape of the land. If the landscape is hidden from view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky. The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled. You will not have to spend the next few days recovering from a long and arduous journey.

译文

长途旅行的人们常常不得不决定是选择陆路、海路还是空路。几乎没有人能真正享受在火车上坐上几个小时以上。火车车厢很快就会变得拥挤和闷热。几乎不可能不去想旅程。阅读只是一个部分的解决办法,因为车轮在铁轨上单调的节奏很快就会使你入睡。白天,睡眠断断续续。晚上,当你真正想睡觉时,你很少能做到。如果幸运地得到一个卧铺,你会花半夜时间盯着天花板上的小蓝灯,或者摸索着找你的票检查。不可避免地,你到达目的地时几乎精疲力尽。

长途汽车旅行甚至更不愉快,因为甚至阅读都不可能。在高速公路上,你至少可以相对安全地高速行驶,但更多时候,旅程的大部分时间是在服务站很少且交通拥挤的道路上度过的。相比之下,轮渡旅行或游轮提供各种文明的舒适。你可以在宽敞的甲板上伸展双腿,玩游戏,结识有趣的人,并享受美食——当然,前提是海面平静。如果不是这样,而且你容易晕船,没有任何交通工具比这更糟。即使在理想的天气下,海路旅行也需要很长时间。很少有人愿意为了海路旅行的乐趣而牺牲假期时间。

飞机以危险闻名,甚至老练的旅行者也对它们心存畏惧。它们也有昂贵的交通工具的缺点。但在速度和舒适方面,没有什么能与它们媲美。在3万英尺的高空,远在云层之上,以每小时500多英里的速度旅行是一种令人兴奋的经历。你不必想办法不去想旅程,因为飞机很快就会把你带到目的地。在几个小时内,你可以靠在深 armchair 上享受飞行。真正的逃避现实者可以在某些航班上观看电影并品尝香槟。但即使这些精致的服务不可用,也有 plenty 的事情可以让你忙碌。飞机为你提供世界的一个不同寻常且 breathtaking 的景观。你毫不费力地飞越高山和深谷。你真正看到了土地的形状。如果景观被隐藏起来,你可以欣赏那连绵不断的云海,在你面前延伸数英里,而太阳在晴朗的天空灿烂地照耀着。旅程如此平稳,以至于没有什么能阻止你阅读或睡觉。不管你决定如何度过你的时间,有一点是肯定的:你会精神焕发地到达目的地,不会疲惫。你不必花接下来的几天时间从漫长而艰辛的旅程中恢复。

词汇表

journey

名词, 动词
英:/ˈdʒɜːni/
美:/ˈdʒɝːni/
定义
1. 旅程 - A trip from one place to another, especially over a long distance.

例子: The journey by train took over 10 hours.

例子: She documented her entire journey across Europe in a blog.

2. 过程 - The process of traveling or experiencing something.

例子: Life is a journey full of ups and downs.

例子: His journey to recovery after the accident was inspiring.

近义词
trip: 更侧重于短期或休闲的旅行,而 'journey' 常暗示较长或有挑战性的旅程。
voyage: 通常用于海上的长途旅行,带有探险意味,比 'journey' 更正式。
expedition: 强调有组织或目的性的冒险旅行,与 'journey' 相比更具探索性。
反义词:
arrival, destination, stay
用法
常用于描述旅行或人生过程,常见搭配如 'long journey' 或 'journey by car',在正式和非正式语境中均适用,强调经历而非终点。
形式:
复数: journeys, 动词过去式: journeyed, 动词现在分词: journeying

深入解析:关键句型 "It is [adjective] to [verb]"

定义

这个句型是一种常见的英语表达,用于描述某事物的难度、可能性或状态,结构为:It(形式主语)+ is(be 动词)+ [adjective](形容词,如 almost impossible)+ to [verb](动词不定式短语)。例如,在文章中如 "It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey",它表示某事很难或不可能发生。权威教材如《新概念英语》或《Cambridge Grammar》定义此句型为形式主语结构,其中 It 代替真正的主题(不定式短语),核心含义是强调形容词描述的特征。

用法

此句型常用于描述一般情况、个人经历或客观事实的场景,例如讨论旅行、交通或日常挑战时。规则是:It 作为形式主语,be 动词(如 is, was)后跟形容词,然后是 to + 动词原形。在语法体系中,它属于不定式作主语的结构,与其他形式主语句型(如 "It is important to...")相关,帮助学生连接到主语从句和不定式知识。跨语法点联系:它可以与条件句结合,如 "If you are tired, it is hard to concentrate",从而构建更复杂的句子,展示从简单描述到条件假设的过渡。

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括:将不定式短语错误地用作主语(如直接说 "To take your mind off the journey is almost impossible",这虽正确但较正式且不常见);或误用形容词(如用 "impossiblely" 代替 "impossible",因为形容词必须是原形)。另一个常见偏误是忽略 It is 的使用,导致句子不完整,例如说 "Almost impossible to take your mind off"。纠正建议:通过练习将形容词替换为其他词(如 easy, difficult),并确保不定式短语正确放置。同时,避免在口语中过度重复此结构,以免显得单调;建议结合上下文使用,如在描述旅行不便时。

练习

一个额外的例子:在文章语境中,你可以说:"It is exciting to travel by plane at high speeds." 学生可以尝试修改为自己的经历,例如 "It is challenging to drive on busy roads." 通过这个例子,学生可以练习替换 [adjective](如 exciting, challenging)和 [verb](如 travel, drive),并在对话中应用,以加深对句型的掌握。

额外内容

背景知识:这个句型源于英语中形式主语的传统用法,常见于正式和非正式写作中。对比分析:与法语类似结构不同,英语的更简洁,不需要额外连接词。补充信息:掌握此句型后,学生能更好地表达意见,如在旅游文章或日常对话中,提升语言的流畅性,并链接到更高级的表达,如 "It seems difficult to...",丰富表达多样性。

深入解析:关键句型 "By comparison, [clause]"

定义

这个句型用于对比两种或多种事物,结构为:By comparison(表示比较的引导语)+ [clause](从句或主句,描述被比较的对象)。例如,文章中的 "By comparison, ferry trips or cruises offer a great variety of civilized comforts",意思是通过对比突出差异。权威教材如《新概念英语》将其定义为一种过渡性表达,用于连接前后内容,强调相对优势或劣势。

用法

此句型常用于议论文、描述性文章或口头讨论中,用于比较优缺点、相似点或不同点。规则是:By comparison 置于句首或句中,后面跟一个完整句子或从句;在语法体系中,它属于连接词或短语,链接到比较结构知识,帮助学生从简单句子过渡到复杂对比。跨语法点联系:它与比较级(如 more... than)结合使用,例如 "Ferry trips are more comfortable by comparison",或与条件句整合,如 "By comparison, if the sea is calm, it is enjoyable",从而建立更全面的对比框架。

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括:误用为 "In comparison" 而忽略语境("By comparison" 更强调方式),或将它与 "Compare to" 混淆,导致句子不自然;另一个偏误是省略后续从句,使句子不完整,如只说 "By comparison"。纠正建议:练习在写作中添加完整从句,并注意语调强调对比部分。同时,避免在非正式对话中过度使用,以免显得生硬;建议通过阅读文章强化其在上下文中的位置。

练习

一个额外的例子:基于文章,你可以说:"By comparison, travelling by train is less comfortable than by plane." 学生可以尝试扩展为 "By comparison, long car journeys are exhausting.",通过替换 [clause] 来练习对比不同交通方式,从而应用到实际讨论中。

额外内容

背景知识:这个句型起源于英语的逻辑表达,用于学术和日常比较。对比分析:在美式英语中,可能简化成 "Compared to",而英式英语更常用 "By comparison"。补充信息:学习此句型能帮助学生提升批判性思维,如在旅游规划中分析优缺点,并链接到其他过渡词(如 however, on the other hand),使表达更连贯。