Nothing to sell and nothing to buy

原文

It has been said that everyone lives by selling something. In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort. Though it may be possible to measure the value of material good in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us. There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives, yet we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service. The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop. Everyone has something to sell.

Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule. Beggars almost sell themselves as human being to arouse the pity of passers-by. But real tramps are not beggars. They have nothing to sell and require nothing from others. In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity. A tramp may ask you for money, but he will never ask you to feel sorry for him. He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences. He may never be sure where the next meal is coming from, but his is free from the thousands of anxieties which afflict other people. His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease. By having to sleep in the open, he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever do. He may hunt, beg, or stead occasionally to keep himself alive; he may even, in times of real need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom. We often speak of my even, in times of real need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom. We often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same class as beggars, but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care?

译文

人们常说,每个人都靠出卖某种东西为生。根据这一说法,教师靠出卖知识,哲学家靠出卖智慧,牧师靠出卖精神安慰。虽然可以用金钱来衡量物质货物的价值,但要估量人们为我们提供的服务的真正价值,却极其困难。有时,我们情愿付出我们所拥有的一切来挽救生命,却又不愿支付高额费用给外科医生,尽管他正是为我们提供了这项服务。社会条件使然,技能必须像商店里的货物一样付钱购买。每一个人都有某种东西可出卖。

流浪汉似乎是这条普遍规律的唯一例外。乞丐几乎是在出卖自己的人格,以唤起路人的怜悯。但真正的流浪汉不是乞丐。他们没有东西可卖,也不需要从别人那里得到什么。在追求独立的过程中,他们并没有牺牲自己的人格尊严。流浪汉可能会向你讨钱,但他决不会要求你同情他。他是故意选择过这种生活的,并且完全清楚后果。他也许永远不知道下一顿饭从何而来,但他却摆脱了折磨其他人的成千上万的焦虑。他的少数几件物质 possessions 使他能够轻松地从一个地方移到另一个地方。由于不得不露天而睡,他比我们大多数人更接近自然界。他偶尔可能会捕猎、乞讨或偷窃来维持生计;甚至在真正需要时,他可能会做点工作;但他决不会牺牲自己的自由。我们常常带着轻蔑谈论流浪汉,并把他们与乞丐归为一类,但我们当中又有多少人能诚实地承认,自己不曾对他们那简单的生活方式和无忧无虑的自由略生羡慕之情?

词汇表

selling

verb (present participle of sell), 名词
英:/ˈselɪŋ/
美:/ˈsɛlɪŋ/
定义
1. 出售 - The act of exchanging goods or services for money or other value.

例子: He makes a living by selling handmade crafts at the market.

例子: Selling online has become a popular way to reach customers.

2. 推销或提供 - In a metaphorical sense, offering or providing something intangible for benefit.

例子: Teachers are selling knowledge to their students every day.

例子: Politicians often sell ideas to gain public support.

近义词
marketing: 强调推广和销售策略,通常用于商业语境,而 'selling' 更直接关注交易过程。
peddling: 常用于小规模或街头销售,带有负面或非正式 connotation,比 'selling' 更具临时性。
hawking: 类似于 'peddling',常指大声叫卖或街头兜售,语气更生动且非正式。
反义词:
buying, purchasing, acquiring
用法
常用于商业或比喻语境中,如 'selling products' 或 'selling ideas',可搭配介词如 'by selling' 表示谋生方式;在正式场合使用时需注意语境,避免负面含义。
形式:
复数: sellings (less common), 过去式: sold, 现在分词: selling

深入解析:关键句型 "In the light of this statement"

定义

这个句型是一种正式的表达方式,用于引入基于先前信息或声明的讨论,意思是“根据这个声明”或“鉴于这个情况”。结构通常为:In the light of + this (或特定名词,如 statement, evidence) + additional phrase。例如,在权威教材如《新概念英语》或《剑桥英语语法》中,它被定义为一个介词短语引导的从句,连接上下文,提供逻辑上的依据。核心含义是强调后续内容是对先前观点的扩展或解释,帮助读者理解新信息与旧信息的关联。

用法

此句型主要用于正式写作、学术讨论或文章开头,常见于议论文中,以展示推理过程。规则包括:In the light of 后跟一个名词短语(如 this statement),然后连接主句。语法体系中,它属于介词短语的范畴,与条件状语从句(如 if 或 although)相关联,建立因果或依据关系。例如,它可以链接到证据支持的论证,帮助学生从简单句过渡到复杂句型。在跨语法点联系上,与连接词(如 however 或 therefore)结合使用,能增强文章的连贯性,常出现在对比或分析段落中,如文章中的例子直接引出教师、哲学家等角色的例子。

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括误用为更口语化的表达(如简单说 "Because of this",但这会降低正式感);或者忽略上下文,导致句型显得突兀。另一个常见偏误是错误拼写或结构变动,如写成 "In the lights of this statement",这会改变含义。纠正建议:总是将 In the light of 视为固定短语,练习在正式文章中应用,并检查前后句的逻辑一致性。同时,避免在非正式对话中使用,以免显得过于生硬;如果在口语中,需要替换为更简单的表达如 "Based on this"。

练习

一个额外的例子:在讨论环境问题时,你可以说:"In the light of recent climate reports, we must take immediate action to reduce carbon emissions." 通过这个例子,学生可以尝试替换关键词,如用 "In the light of this evidence",并在写作练习中构建完整段落,以加深对句型的实际应用。

额外内容

背景知识:这个句型源于英语的法律和学术传统,类似于拉丁语中的短语,用于强调理性分析。对比分析:与法语的 "À la lumière de" 类似,但英语版本更简洁。在学习中,掌握此句型能帮助学生提升议论文写作技能,并与其它过渡短语(如 "In view of")进行对比,丰富表达多样性,从而在英语考试或报告中脱颖而出。

深入解析:关键句型 "Though it may be possible to [verb], it is [adjective] to [verb]"

定义

这个句型是一种让步状语从句的结构,用于表达尽管某种情况可能存在,但另一情况更真实或困难,意思是“虽然[某事可能],但[某事是[形容词]]”。基本结构为:Though + it may be + possible to [verb phrase] + , it is + [adjective] + to [verb phrase]。在权威教材如《新概念英语》或《牛津英语语法》中,它被定义为一个复合句,包含让步从句和主句,突出对比和现实性。例如,文章中的 "Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services" 展示了这种模式。

用法

此句型常用于议论性文章中,强调矛盾或挑战,常见于讨论社会、哲学或个人问题。规则是:用 Though 引导让步从句,表示假设或可能性,然后用逗号连接主句表达实际困难或事实。在语法体系中,它属于状语从句的一部分,与条件句或对比句相关联,帮助学生构建复杂句式。跨语法点联系:它可以与情态动词(如 may be)结合,增加不确定性;同时,与形容词(如 difficult, easy)相关,强化描述性语言。例如,在文章中,它链接到主题的深层分析,学生可以通过此句型学习如何在写作中平衡正反观点。

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括省略逗号,导致句子结构混乱;或 misuse ThoughAlthough 但忽略语境差异(Though 更口语化)。另一个偏误是 verb tense 不一致,如在从句中使用过去时而主句用现在时,破坏逻辑。纠正建议:练习识别并使用逗号分隔从句和主句;通过朗读文章中的例子,强化句型记忆。同时,避免过度复杂化句子,以防读者难以理解;在初级学习中,从简单替换 [verb] 和 [adjective] 开始。

练习

一个额外的例子:在健康话题中,你可以说:"Though it may be possible to lose weight quickly through dieting, it is challenging to maintain the results long-term." 学生可以通过这个例子修改 [verb] 和 [adjective],如将 "lose weight" 换成 "learn a language",并在对话或作文中应用,以提升表达能力。

额外内容

背景知识:这种句型源于英语辩论传统,用于平衡论证,避免绝对化。对比分析:与中文的 "虽然...但是..." 类似,但英语强调结构平衡,能与其它让步句型(如 "Even though")对比学习。补充信息:熟练使用此句型能帮助学生在 TOEFL 或 IELTS 等考试中得分更高,并培养批判性思维。