Wanted: a large biscuit tin

原文

No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want, for advertising exerts a subtle influence on us. In their efforts to persuade us to buy this or that product, advertisers have made a close study of human nature and have classified all our little weaknesses.

Advertisers discovered years ago that all of us love to get something for nothing. An advertisement which begins with the magic word FREE can rarely go wrong. These days, advertisers not only offer free samples, but free cars, free houses, and free trips round the world as well. They devise hundreds of competitions which will enable us to win huge sums of money. Radio and television have made it possible for advertisers to capture the attention of millions of people in this way.

During a radio programme, a company of biscuit manufacturers once asked listeners to bake biscuits and send them to their factory. They offered to pay $10 a pound for the biggest biscuit baked by a listener. The response to this competition was tremendous. Before long, biscuits of all shapes and sizes began arriving at the factory. One lady brought in a biscuit on a wheelbarrow. It weighed nearly 500 pounds. A little later, a man came along with a biscuit which occupied the whole boot of his car. All the biscuits that were sent were carefully weighed. The largest was 713 pounds. It seemed certain that this would win the prize. But just before the competition closed, a lorry arrived at the factory with a truly colossal biscuit which weighed 2,400 pounds. It had been baked by a college student who had used over 1,000 pounds of flour, 800 pounds of sugar, 200 pounds of fat, and 400 pounds of various other ingredients. It was so heavy that a crane had to be used to remove it from the lorry. The manufacturers had to pay more money than they had anticipated, or they bought the biscuit from the student for $24,000.

译文

没有人能避免受广告的影响。尽管我们自以为品味高雅,我们已不再能自由选择我们想要的东西,因为广告对我们施加了微妙的影响。为了说服我们购买这个或那个产品,广告商们对人性进行了仔细的研究,并将我们所有的弱点分类。

广告商们多年前就发现,我们大家都喜欢不劳而获。以神奇的字眼“FREE”开头的广告很少会失败。如今,广告商们不仅提供免费样品,还提供免费汽车、免费房屋以及免费环游世界的旅行。他们设计了数百种竞赛,让我们有机会赢得巨额奖金。收音机和电视使广告商能够以这种方式吸引数百万人的注意力。

在一次广播节目中,一家饼干制造公司曾要求听众烘烤饼干并寄到他们的工厂。他们提出为听众烘烤的最大饼干支付每磅10美元。这次竞赛的响应非常热烈。不久,各种形状和大小的饼干开始运抵工厂。有一位女士用独轮车运来一个饼干,它重达近500磅。不久之后,一位男子带来一个饼干,占满了他的整辆汽车后备箱。所有送来的饼干都经过仔细称重。最大的重713磅。它似乎肯定会赢得奖品。但就在竞赛结束前,一辆卡车运来一个真正巨大的饼干,重达2,400磅。它是由一名大学生烘烤的,他用了1,000多磅面粉、800磅糖、200磅脂肪和400磅各种其他原料。它太重了,以至于必须用起重机从卡车上卸下。制造商不得不支付比预期的更多的钱,或者他们以24,000美元从学生那里买下了这个饼干。

词汇表

influence

名词, 动词
英:/ˈɪnfluəns/
美:/ˈɪnfluəns/
定义
1. 影响 - The power to affect or change someone or something.

例子: Advertising exerts a subtle influence on our choices.

例子: Parents have a strong influence on their children's behavior.

2. 作用 - The effect that something has on a person or thing.

例子: The teacher's influence helped him succeed in life.

例子: Social media has a significant influence on modern culture.

近义词
affect: 更侧重于直接改变,'influence' 强调渐进或间接作用,而 'affect' 常用于情感或心理层面。
impact: 更强调强烈或立即的效果,'influence' 则可能更持久但不那么剧烈。
sway: 常用于说服或引导,'influence' 更中性,而 'sway' 带有说服力的意味。
反义词:
ignore, resist, neglect
用法
常用于讨论心理、社会或市场影响,常见搭配如 'exert influence on'(对...施加影响),在正式语境中更常见。
形式:
复数: influences, 过去式: influenced, 现在分词: influencing, 形容词形式: influential

深入解析:关键句型 "Much as [clause], [main clause]"

定义

这个句型是一种常见的让步状语从句结构,用于表达尽管有某种情况,但结果仍然如此。基本结构是:Much as 引导一个从句([clause]),表示让步或对比,后面跟一个主句([main clause])。例如,在文章中,“Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want” 展示了这种模式。权威教材如《新概念英语》或《剑桥英语语法》定义它为一个表示“尽管”或“虽然”的从句,强调即使有障碍,事实依然存在。它核心含义是平衡两种对立的想法,突出主句的真实性。

用法

此句型常用于正式写作或口语中,表达让步对比场景,如讨论个人信念与现实的冲突。在语法体系中,它属于状语从句的一部分,具体是让步状语从句,与其他连接词如 "although" 或 "though" 相关,但 Much as 更强调程度和情感。使用规则包括:Much as 后跟主语和谓语从句,主句通常是结果或转折。跨语法点联系:它与条件句或对比结构(如 "however")结合,能帮助学生从简单句过渡到复杂句。例如,在文章中,它链接到广告影响的主题,展示如何在议论性文本中使用。学生应注意,这个句型常出现在议论文或描述性文章中,以增加说服力。

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括:误用 Much as 作为简单连接词,而忽略从句的完整性(如说 "Much as we pride, we are free",缺少 may);或将主句和从句顺序颠倒,导致逻辑混乱。另一个常见偏误是与类似结构混淆,如 "As much as",这可能改变含义。纠正建议:练习识别从句的组成部分,确保 Much as 后跟完整的子句,并通过朗读文章中的例子强化。还需注意,在口语中过度使用可能显得正式化,因此在非正式场合应避免或简化。

练习

一个额外的例子:在日常对话中,你可以说:“Much as I enjoy eating sweets, I have to limit my intake for health reasons.” 这个句子帮助学生应用句型,替换 [clause] 为自己的经历(如 “Much as I love traveling”),并构建 [main clause] 如 “I can't afford it often”。通过这个练习,学生可以尝试在写作中扩展,例如写一篇关于个人习惯的短文。

额外内容

背景知识:这个句型源于英语的古典表达,类似于拉丁语的让步结构,在莎士比亚时代就已出现。对比分析:与中文的“尽管……但是……”类似,但英语版更简洁。补充信息:掌握此句型后,学生能更好地处理复杂句子,提升阅读理解,如在新闻或广告分析中识别潜在说服技巧,这在现代英语学习中非常实用。

深入解析:关键句型 "Not only ... but ... as well"

定义

这个句型用于强调列举多个项目,其中第一个用 Not only 引导,第二个或更多用 but 连接,并可添加 as well 以加强强调。结构为:Not only [item1] + but [item2] + as well。文章中如 “advertisers not only offer free samples, but free cars, free houses, and free trips round the world as well” 就是一个典型例子。权威教材如《新概念英语》定义它为并列结构的一种,突出对比和扩展,核心含义是展示事物的全面性或增加说服力。

用法

此句型常用于描述、广告或说明文,强调事物的多样性或全面性。使用规则包括:Not only 后跟第一个项目,but 后跟第二个项目,如果有多个,可以用逗号分隔,最后添加 as well 以强化。语法体系中,它属于并列句或并列结构,与其他连接词如 and 相关,但更强调转折和累加。跨语法点联系:它可以与形容词、副词或名词短语结合,例如与定语从句一起使用,帮助学生从简单并列过渡到复杂表达。在文章中,它突出了广告的诱惑力,展示了如何在说服性语言中应用。

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括:遗漏 as well 导致强调不足(如说 “Not only A but B” 而非 “Not only A but B as well”);或平行结构不一致,例如 “Not only offer samples but cars” 中动词形式不匹配。另一个偏误是过度重复,导致句子冗长。纠正建议:确保所有项目在语法上平行(如都用动词原形或名词),并通过练习文章中的句子避免。还需注意,在正式写作中,这个句型能增强可读性,但口语中应控制使用以免显得啰嗦。

练习

一个额外的例子:"Not only does exercise improve health, but it boosts mood as well." 这个句子让学生练习替换项目,如 “Not only saves money but protects environment as well”,并在上下文中应用,例如写一篇关于生活习惯的段落。通过这个练习,学生可以增强对句型灵活性的理解,并尝试在对话中如讨论产品时使用。

额外内容

背景知识:这个句型起源于英语的修辞手法,类似于古希腊的排比结构,用于增强说服力。对比分析:与法语的类似表达不同,英语版更直接和灵活。补充信息:它在现代广告语中很常见,能帮助学生分析商业文本,提高批判性思维,例如识别文章中广告策略的夸张手法。