The longest suspension bridge

原文

Verrazano, an Italian about whom little is known, sailed into New York Harbour in 1524 and named it Angouleme. He described it as 'a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river.' Though Verrazano is by no means considered to be a great explorer, his name will probably remain immortal, for on November 21st, 1964, the longest suspension bridge in the world was named after him

The Verrazano Bridge, which was designed by Othmar Ammann, joins Brooklyn to Staten Island. It has a span of 4,260 feet. The bridge is so long that the shape of the earth had to be taken into account by its designer. Two great towers support four huge cables. The towers are built on immense underwater platforms make of steel and concrete. The platforms extend to a depth of over 100 feet under the sea. These alone took sixteen months to build. Above the surface of the water, the towers rise to a height of nearly 700 feet. They support the cables from which the bridge has been suspended. Each of the four cables contains 26,108 lengths of wire. It has been estimated that if the bridge were packed with cars, it would still only be carrying a third of its total capacity. However, size and strength are not the only important things about this bridge. Despite its immensity, it is both simple and elegant, fulfilling its designer's dream to create 'an enormous object drawn as faintly as possible'.

译文

韦拉扎诺,一位意大利人,人们对他的了解甚少,于1524年驶入纽约港,并将其命名为昂古勒姆。他形容那里是“一个非常宜人的地方,位于两座小山之间,一条大河从中流过。”尽管韦拉扎诺绝非一位伟大的探险家,但他的名字很可能永垂不朽,因为1964年11月21日,世界上最长的悬索桥以他的名字命名。

韦拉扎诺大桥由奥斯马·阿曼设计,连接布鲁克林和斯塔顿岛。它跨度达4,260英尺。由于桥身如此之长,设计者不得不考虑地球的曲率。两座巨塔支撑着四根巨大的缆索。这些塔建在巨大的水下平台上,这些平台由钢筋和混凝土制成。平台延伸到海底超过100英尺。仅建造这些平台就用了16个月的时间。水面以上,塔身高达近700英尺。它们支撑着缆索,而桥身则悬挂在这些缆索上。每根缆索都包含26,108股钢丝。据估计,即使桥上塞满汽车,也只占其总容量的三分之一。然而,尺寸和强度并不是这座桥的唯一优点。尽管其规模宏大,它却既简洁又优雅,实现了设计者创造“一个尽可能淡雅的庞大物体”的梦想。

词汇表

sailed

动词
英:/seɪld/
美:/seɪld/
定义
1. 航行 - To travel on water in a ship or boat.

例子: The explorers sailed across the ocean to discover new lands.

例子: They sailed from Europe to America in the 16th century.

2. 滑行 - To move smoothly and steadily through the air or over land.

例子: The kite sailed high in the wind.

例子: The car sailed down the highway at high speed.

近义词
navigated: 强调使用导航工具或技能,通常用于更技术性的语境,而 'sailed' 更侧重于船只运动。
voyaged: 暗示更长的旅程或冒险,'sailed' 则更一般化,不一定涉及远行。
cruised: 常用于休闲或巡航式的旅行,'sailed' 可能更正式或历史性。
反义词:
anchored, docked, remained
用法
常用于描述水上旅行或平滑运动,常见搭配如 'sail into'(驶入),语境多为历史、冒险或日常描述。
形式:
过去式: sailed, 现在分词: sailing, 第三人称单数: sails, 复数形式(作为名词): sails

深入解析:关键句型 "The [noun], which [relative clause], [main clause]."

定义

这个句型是一种带有非限制性相对从句的结构,用于提供额外信息而不改变主句的核心含义。基本结构是:The [noun](一个名词短语)+ , which [relative clause](用逗号隔开的相对从句)+ ** [main clause]**(主句)。例如,在文章中如 "The Verrazano Bridge, which was designed by Othmar Ammann, joins Brooklyn to Staten Island." 权威教材如《新概念英语》或《Cambridge Grammar》定义这种句型为非限制性定语从句,它用 which 引导,提供补充描述,增强句子的连贯性。

用法

此句型常用于描述性文章或叙述中,添加关于主语的额外细节,而不影响主句。使用规则包括:which 必须指代事物(非人),从句后用逗号隔开;在语法体系中,它属于从句类型,链接到定语从句知识,帮助学生从简单句过渡到复杂句。跨语法点联系:它与主从复合句相关,常与被动语态(如文章中的 "was designed")结合使用,还能连接到其他从句如时间状语从句,形成更丰富的表达。例如,在历史或科技描述中,这个句型使文章更流畅,避免了冗长。

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括:误用 which 而用 thatthat 常用于限制性从句),导致句意模糊;忘记逗号,造成句子结构混乱,如写成 "The bridge which joins..." 而非非限制性;另一个偏误是让从句过长,影响可读性。纠正建议:练习区分限制性和非限制性从句,通过添加逗号和使用 which 来强调额外信息;同时,避免在口语中过度使用,以免显得正式过头。在写作中,确保从句简洁,保持句子平衡。

练习

一个额外的例子:"The Eiffel Tower, which was built in 1889, attracts millions of visitors every year." 通过这个例子,学生可以尝试替换 [noun] 和 [relative clause],如 "The book, which was written by a famous author, became a bestseller." 这有助于学生在实际写作中应用句型,强化对 which 的理解。

额外内容

背景知识:这种句型起源于英语的复杂句发展,常见于正式英语写作中。对比分析:与限制性从句(如 "The book that I read")不同,非限制性从句提供可有可无的信息,如果省略不会改变主句意思。补充信息:掌握此句型后,学生能更好地阅读历史或科学文章,提升表达的精确性,并逐步学习更高级的从句如 where 或 when 引导的从句。

深入解析:关键句型 "about whom [clause]"

定义

这个句型是一种以介词 + whom 引导的相对从句,用于描述人,通常在正式语境中提供额外细节。结构为:about whom(关于谁)+ [clause](从句)。如文章中的 "an Italian about whom little is known",权威教材如《Oxford Grammar》定义它为介词短语引导的定语从句,whom 是人称宾格形式,强调关系代词在从句中的作用,核心含义是连接主句与补充信息。

用法

此句型常用于传记或描述性文本中,添加关于人的背景信息。使用规则:whom 必须指代人,且置于介词后;它在语法体系中属于相对从句的变体,链接到介词和关系代词知识,帮助学生从基本从句过渡到更精确的表达。跨语法点联系:它常与非限制性从句结合(如上文句型),或与被动语态一起使用,形成复杂句。例如,在历史文章中,这个句型使描述更优雅,避免了简单句的重复。

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括:将 whom 误用为 whowho 用于主格),如说 "about who little is known",导致语法错误;或忽略介词,导致句子不完整。另一个偏误是过度使用在口语中,使语言显得生硬。纠正建议:记忆 whom 的宾格用法,通过练习句子来区分 whowhom;在写作时,确保介词正确,并检查句子是否流畅,避免在非正式场合使用。

练习

一个额外的例子:"The scientist about whom much has been written won the Nobel Prize." 学生可以尝试修改为自己的句子,如 "The artist about whom everyone is talking created a masterpiece." 这能帮助学生练习替换 [clause],并在对话或写作中应用句型。

额外内容

背景知识:这种句型源于英语的正式表达,常见于文学和学术英语。对比分析:与 "about which"(用于事物)不同,"about whom" 专指人,类似于法语的相对结构。补充信息:学习此句型能提升学生的精确表达能力,并为高级语法如复杂介词短语铺路。