A noble gift

原文

One of the most famous monuments in the world, the Statue of Liberty, was presented to the United States of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France.

The great statue, which was designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi, took ten years to complete. The actual figure was made of copper supported by a metal framework which had been especially constructed by Eiffel.

'Before it could be transported to the United States, a site had to be found for it and a pedestal had to be built. The site chosen was an island at the entrance of New York Harbour.

\tBy 1884, a statue which was 151 feet tall had been erected in Paris. The following year, it was taken to pieces and sent to America. By the end of October 1886, the statue had been put together again and it was officially presented to the American people by Bartholdi.

Ever since then, the great monument has been a symbol of liberty for the millions of people who have passed through New York Harbour to make their homes in America.

译文

世界上最著名的纪念碑之一,自由女神像,于十九世纪由法国人民赠送给美利坚合众国。

这座伟大的雕像由雕塑家奥古斯特·巴托尔迪设计,历时十年才完成。实际的雕像由铜制成,并由埃菲尔特别建造的金属框架支撑。

'在其运往美国之前,必须为其找到一个地点并建造一个基座。选定的地点是纽约港入口处的一个岛屿。

到1884年时,一座高151英尺的雕像已在巴黎竖立起来。次年,它被拆成零件并运往美国。到1886年10月底,雕像又被重新组装起来,并由巴托尔迪正式赠送给美国人民。

从那时起,这座伟大的纪念碑就成为数百万经由纽约港移民美国定居的人们自由的象征。

词汇表

monument

名词
英:/ˈmɒnjʊmənt/
美:/ˈmɑːnjumənt/
定义
1. 纪念碑;纪念物 - A structure, such as a building or statue, erected to commemorate a person or event.

例子: The Eiffel Tower is a famous monument in Paris.

例子: They visited the monument dedicated to war heroes.

2. 遗迹;标志 - Something that serves as evidence or reminder of a past event.

例子: The ancient ruins are a monument to a lost civilization.

例子: Her achievements stand as a monument to her hard work.

近义词
memorial: 更强调对逝者或事件的纪念,常用于墓地或特定场合,而 'monument' 更泛指大型结构。
landmark: 通常指具有历史或地理意义的标志性建筑,'monument' 可能更侧重纪念性而非导航用途。
statue: 特指雕像形式,'monument' 可以是更广泛的结构,如建筑或纪念碑。
反义词:
ruin, eyesore, oblivion
用法
常用于历史或旅游语境中,描述具有文化或纪念价值的结构;常搭配如 'national monument'(国家纪念碑),在正式写作中常见。
形式:
复数: monuments

关键句型 "The [noun] was [past participle] by [agent]."

定义

此句型是一种被动语态的表达方式,用于描述动作的承受者而非执行者,结构为:The [noun](主语,通常是名词)+ was(be动词的过去式)+ [past participle](过去分词)+ by [agent](由谁执行,可选)。例如,文章中的 "The Statue of Liberty was presented to the United States by the people of France." 根据《剑桥英语语法》教材,这种句型强调事件的结果或对象,而非动作的发起者,适合历史叙述或正式描述。

它常用于焦点不在执行者身上的情境中,帮助学习者构建更客观的陈述。

用法

此句型主要用于被动语态的简单过去时,常见于报道、历史事件或科学说明中。规则:主语是动作的承受者,was 用于单数主语的过去时,by [agent] 可添加以指定执行者,但如果不重要可省略(如 "The statue was completed.")。

在语法体系中,它属于被动语态的一部分,与主动语态形成对比。横向比较:与主动语态(如 "The people of France presented the statue")相比,此句型突出结果,弱化执行者;与现在被动语态(如 "is presented")相比,它专注于过去事件。另外,与其他时态的被动语态(如过去完成时的 "had been presented")相关联,学生可扩展到更复杂的时态。

跨语法联系:此句型涉及动词的过去分词形式,常与时间状语(如 "in the nineteenth century")结合,强化叙述的时序感。

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括:混淆主动和被动,导致句子逻辑混乱,如错误地将执行者放在主语位置;或遗漏 by [agent] 时造成歧义。纠正建议:练习时先识别动作的承受者作为主语,并确保动词正确转换为过去分词形式。

另一个常见偏误是时态不一致,例如用 is presented 代替 was presented 在过去语境中。提供具体例句:

错误示例:The people of France presented the statue to the United States. (这转为主动语态,焦点偏移)
正确示例:The statue was presented to the United States by the people of France.

记住,by [agent] 不是必须的,但要根据上下文决定是否使用。

练习

原创例子:假设描述历史事件,你可以说:“The Great Wall was built by ancient Chinese workers over centuries.” 学生可以替换关键词,如将 [noun] 改为 "The bridge",并将 [past participle] 改为 "constructed",变成:“The bridge was constructed by engineers last year.” 这能帮助学生应用于现代场景,如谈论建筑项目。

通过替换练习,学生能加深对句型的灵活运用,并在对话中自然表达。

额外内容

背景知识:被动语态在英语中源于拉丁语的影响,常见于正式写作和新闻报道中,强调客观性。对比分析:与中文被动句(如 "被..." 结构)类似,但英语更依赖动词形式而非词汇。历史上,这种句型在19世纪的英语文学中流行,用于描述社会事件。

学习此句型能提升学生在阅读历史文章时的理解,并为写作提供工具,如描述个人经历:“My bike was stolen by someone yesterday.”