原文

The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa. A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield. Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House. While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!

译文

飞机晚点了,侦探们整个上午都在机场等待。他们正在等候一包从南非来的贵重钻石。几小时前,有人告诉警察说窃贼将企图偷窃这些钻石。当飞机到达时,一些侦探在主楼里等待,而其他人在机场上等候。两个人把包裹从飞机上取下来,带进海关大楼。当两个侦探在门口守卫时,另外两个打开了包裹。使他们吃惊的是,那宝贵的包裹里装满了石头和沙子!

词汇表

detective

名词
英:/dɪˈtektɪv/
美:/dɪˈtektɪv/
定义
1. 侦探 - A person, especially a police officer, whose job is to investigate crimes.

例子: The detective solved the mystery quickly.

例子: She works as a detective in the city police department.

近义词
investigator: 更泛指调查人员,常用于非犯罪语境,如商业调查,而非专指警察。
sleuth: 更文学化或非正式,常用于侦探小说或描述业余调查者,与 'detective' 的专业性相比更具趣味性。
gumshoe: 俚语化表达,常用于美国英语中,强调隐秘或侦探工作的神秘感,比 'detective' 更口语化。
反义词:
criminal, suspect, perpetrator
用法
常用于犯罪或调查语境中,常见搭配如 'police detective'(警探),在正式和非正式场合均适用。
形式:
复数: detectives, 形容词形式: detectives (as in detective work)

关键句型 "While [clause], [clause]"

定义

这个句型是一种常见的英语从句结构,用于表示两个同时发生的动作,通常以 while 引导一个时间状语从句。结构为:While + [从句] + , + [主句]。例如,在文章中:“While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel.” 根据《剑桥英语语法》教材,while 连接两个平行或同时进行的动作,强调动作的并存或对比,适合描述过去事件。

它帮助学生表达时间关系,让句子更流畅自然。

用法

此句型主要用于描述两个动作在同一时间段内发生,常用于叙述故事或描述场景。规则:while 后跟一个从句(通常是进行时态),主句可以是其他时态。语法体系中,它属于连接词(conjunctions)的一部分,与其他时间状语从句如 "when" 或 "as" 相关。

横向比较:与 "when" 相比,while 强调持续时间(例如,"While I was sleeping, the phone rang" 突出睡觉的持续性),而 "when" 更注重具体时刻;与 "as" 相比,while 常用于较长的时间段,而 "as" 可能表示更紧密的同步。跨语法联系:它常与过去进行时结合(如文章中的例子),帮助学生连接时态知识,并扩展到其他连接词如 "although" 用于对比。

在实际应用中,这个句型可以出现在叙述性文本中,增强故事的生动性。

注意事项

学生容易犯的错误包括: misuse while 与其他连接词(如用 "while" 表示原因而非时间,导致句子逻辑混乱,例如 "While I am tired, I will go" 应改为 "Although I am tired, I will go");或忽略时态一致性,如 "While I eat, he ate" 应为 "While I was eating, he ate"。

纠正建议:练习时,确保从句使用进行时态,并用简单例句比较不同连接词。另一个常见问题是用法不当导致句子过长,建议保持句子简洁。

错误示例:While the detectives waited, the plane arrives.  (时态不一致)
正确示例:While the detectives were waiting, the plane arrived.

练习

一个原创例子:假设你在机场等朋友,你可以说:“While I was checking my phone, my friend called me.” 学生可以替换关键词,比如把 "checking my phone" 换成 "reading a book",或将主句改为 "a stranger approached me",这样练习不同场景,如在公园说:“While I was walking my dog, I met an old friend.”

这种替换能让学生在日常对话中灵活应用句型,增强记忆。

额外内容

背景知识:While 在英语中源自古英语,历史悠久,常用于文学和故事叙述中,体现英语的节奏感。对比分析:与中文的 "在……的时候" 类似,但英语更强调动作的持续性;与法语的 "pendant que" 相比,英语结构更简单,无需复杂的动词变化。这能帮助学生理解英语的逻辑流畅性,并为学习更高级的从句(如条件从句)奠定基础。