A thirsty ghost

原文

A public house which was recently bought by Mr.Ian Thompson is up for sale. Mr.Thompson is going to sell it because it is haunted.

He told me that he could not go to sleep one night because he heard a strange noise coming from the bar.

The next morning, he found that the doors had been blocked by chairs and the furniture had been moved. Though Mr.Thompson had turned the lights off before he went to bed, they were on in the morning. He also said that he had found five empty whisky bottles which the ghost must have drunk the night before.

When I suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink, Mr.Thompson shook his head. The villagers have told him that they will not accept the pub even if he gives it away.

译文

一个最近被Ian Thompson先生买下的酒吧正在出售。Thompson先生打算卖掉它，因为它闹鬼。

他告诉我，有一天晚上他无法入睡，因为他听到酒吧里传来奇怪的噪音。

第二天早上，他发现门被椅子堵住了，家具也被移动了。虽然Thompson先生上床前关了灯，第二天早上灯却亮着。他还说，他发现了五个空的威士忌酒瓶，那一定是鬼魂在前一晚喝掉的。

当我建议说一定是些村民进来白喝了一顿时，Thompson先生摇了摇头。村民们告诉他，即使他白送，他们也不会要这家酒吧。

词汇表

haunted

形容词

英:/ˈhɔːntɪd/

美:/ˈhɑːntɪd/

定义

1. 闹鬼的，受鬼魂纠缠的 - Inhabited or frequented by ghosts or spirits.

例子: The old mansion is haunted and no one wants to live there.

例子: People avoid the haunted house because of the strange sounds at night.

2. 萦绕心头的，挥之不去的 - Obsessively preoccupied by something, often a memory.

例子: He was haunted by memories of the accident.

例子: The tragedy haunted her for years.

近义词

eerie: 强调诡异或令人不安的氛围，与 'haunted' 类似，但更侧重于环境而非超自然元素。

spooky: 更口语化，常用于轻松或幽默语境，强调吓人的感觉，而 'haunted' 更正式且暗示真实超自然。

ghostly: 直接与鬼魂相关，类似 'haunted'，但常描述鬼魂的外貌，而非整个场所。

反义词:

peaceful, untroubled, serene

用法

常用于描述有超自然现象的场所或心理状态，常见于故事、恐怖题材，常搭配如 'haunted house'；在非正式语境中用于夸张表达。

形式:

现在分词: haunting, 过去式/分词: haunted (作为动词)

关键句型 "which was recently bought by [agent]"

定义

此句型是一种相对从句（relative clause），用于修饰前面的名词，提供额外信息。结构为：which（关系代词）+ was（be动词的过去式）+ recently bought（过去分词短语，表示被动动作）+ by [agent]（施动者）。根据《剑桥英语语法》教材，这种句型属于定义性相对从句，用于描述名词的特征或背景，使句子更连贯和信息丰富。例如，在文章中，“which was recently bought by Mr. Ian Thompson”修饰“a public house”，帮助读者理解背景。

它常用于正式或叙述性英语中，让句子避免重复主语。

用法

此句型主要用于描述过去发生的事件或状态，嵌入主句中以提供细节。规则：which 引导从句，必须指代前面的名词（通常是事物），并使用被动语态（was + past participle）。在语法体系中，它属于从句结构，与主句结合形成复杂句。横向比较：与非限制性相对从句（如 "which, by the way, was bought last year"）相比，此句型是非限制性（无逗号），直接定义名词；与简单句相比（如 "Mr. Ian Thompson recently bought a public house"），它更紧凑，避免了独立句子的冗长。

跨语法点联系：它涉及被动语态和关系代词，与定语从句（如 "that was bought"）类似，但 which 专用于非人称事物。学生可将此与时间状语从句（如 "after it was bought"）联系起来，扩展句子复杂度。

例如，在叙述故事或新闻时，此句型能使描述更生动，如在房地产广告中说 "The house which was built in 1900 is for sale"。

注意事项

学生常犯的错误包括：误用 which 为 that（虽然可互换，但 which 更适合正式语境）；或忽略被动语态，导致句子 grammatically incorrect，如 "which bought by [agent]" 应为 "which was bought by [agent]"。纠正建议：始终记住 which 后需跟完整从句，并练习被动语态的搭配。另一个常见问题是用错时态，如 "which is bought" 而非 "which was bought"，忽略了过去事件。提供例句帮助区分：

错误示例：The car which buy by my father is old.  // 错误：缺少 was 和过去分词。
正确示例：The car which was bought by my father is old.

练习时，注意句子流畅性，避免从句过长导致混淆。

练习

原创例子：假设你在讲述一个故事，可以说：“The old castle which was recently bought by a famous actor is now a museum.” 学生可替换关键词，如将 [agent] 改为 "a rich businessman"，或将动作改为 "built by [agent]"，创建新句子，例如：“The bridge which was recently built by the government is very strong。”

这种替换练习能让学生在日常叙述中应用句型，比如描述个人经历：“The book which was lent by my friend helped me a lot。” 通过修改，学生能加深对从句和被动语态的掌握，提升写作技能。

额外内容

背景知识：相对从句起源于古英语的复杂句结构，现代英语中广泛用于书面语，如新闻或小说，以增加描述性。对比分析：与中文的定语结构（如 "被[agent]最近买的酒吧"）类似，但英语需用关系代词连接，强调语法精确性。与法语的相对从句（如 "qui a été acheté par"）相比，英语版本更简单，无需性别或数的变化。这有助于学生理解英语的模块化表达，同时为学习更高级的从句（如条件从句）奠定基础，丰富语言表达力。

关键句型 "is going to [verb] because [reason]"

定义

此句型用于表达未来的计划或意图，并解释原因。结构为：is going to（表示即将发生的动作）+ [verb]（动词原形）+ because（引导原因状语从句）+ [reason]（原因子句）。根据《牛津英语语法》教材，这是一种常见的方式来谈论预定事件，is going to 体现未来意图，而 because 提供逻辑连接，使句子完整。例如，文章中的 "Mr. Thompson is going to sell it because it is haunted" 清楚地表明行动和动机。

它适合口语和书面语，帮助表达预测或决定。

用法

此句型常用于日常生活、故事叙述或解释决策的场景。规则：主语 + is going to + 动词原形 + because + 从句。is going to 表示基于当前证据的未来计划，与其他未来表达形成对比。在语法体系中，它属于未来时态范畴，强调意图而非单纯预测。横向比较：与 will [verb]（更 spontanous，如 "I will go"）相比，is going to 基于现有计划，更实际；与 plan to [verb] 相比，它更口语化且直接。与原因状语从句结合时，它与 so 或 therefore 不同，后者用于结果而非原因。

跨语法点联系：涉及未来时态和状语从句，学生可扩展到条件句（如 "If it rains, I am going to stay home"），或与过去意图（如 was going to）比较，构建时间框架。

例如，在对话中说 "I am going to travel because I need a break"，突出因果关系。

注意事项

学生易犯错误包括：混淆 is going to 和 will，如用 "will sell because" 代替，造成语气不精确；或遗漏 because，使句子缺乏逻辑连接。纠正建议：练习时强调 because 的使用，并注意时态一致，如原因从句用一般现在时。另一个问题是句子结构冗长，导致 run-on sentences；例如，"He is going to sell it because it is haunted and he is scared." 应拆分或简化。提供例句：

错误示例：She going to buy a car because money.  // 错误：缺少 is 和完整从句。
正确示例：She is going to buy a car because she has saved enough money.

通过例句，学生能学会保持句子平衡。

练习

原创例子：在日常对话中可以说：“I am going to start a new job because I want better opportunities.” 学生可替换 [verb] 为 "move house"，或 [reason] 为 "for health reasons"，创建如：“We are going to renovate our home because it’s too old.”

这种练习鼓励学生应用到个人计划中，比如：“He is going to quit smoking because it’s harmful.” 替换关键词能帮助学生在口头表达中自然使用句型，增强自信。

额外内容

背景知识：is going to 起源于20世纪的口语英语，反映了现代生活对计划的强调。对比分析：与西班牙语的 "voy a [verb] porque" 类似，但英语更注重连词的灵活性。与中文的 "要[verb]因为[reason]" 相比，英语通过语法结构（如 because 从句）明确因果，而非词汇堆砌。这能帮助学生在跨文化交流中更准确表达意图，同时为学习其他未来表达（如 be about to）提供基础，提升整体语言流利度。