A walk through the woods

原文

I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. It is a famous beauty spot. On Sundays, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods. Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy. Litter baskets have been placed under the trees, but people still throw their rubbish everywhere. Last Wednesday, I went for a walk in the woods. What I saw made me very sad. I counted seven old cars and three old refrigerators. The little baskets were empty and the ground was covered with pieces of paper, cigarette ends, old tyres, empty bottles and rusty tins. Among the rubbish, I found a sign which said, 'Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted!'

译文

我住在一个古老的城镇里,这个城镇被美丽的树林所环绕。它是一个著名的风景胜地。每逢星期天,成百上千的人从城里来参观我们的城镇,并在树林中散步。游人已被要求保持树林的清洁和整齐。垃圾筐已放置在树下,但人们仍然到处乱扔垃圾。上星期三,我去树林里散步。我所看到的使我非常难过。我数了数,有七辆旧汽车和三台旧冰箱。那些小筐是空的,地上布满了纸片、烟头、旧轮胎、空瓶子和生锈的罐头盒。在垃圾堆中,我发现了一块告示牌,上面写着:“任何人若在这些树林里丢弃垃圾,将被起诉!”

词汇表

surrounded

动词
英:/səˈraʊndɪd/
美:/səˈraʊndɪd/
定义
1. 包围 - To be encircled or enclosed by something.

例子: The castle is surrounded by a moat for protection.

例子: The house is surrounded by tall trees, making it very private.

2. 围绕 - To be present in large numbers around something or someone.

例子: Fans surrounded the celebrity at the airport.

例子: The garden is surrounded by colorful flowers in spring.

近义词
encircled: 强调完全环绕,常用于地理或物理描述,而 'surrounded' 更通用。
enveloped: 暗示更紧密的包裹,常用于抽象或情感语境,如 'enveloped in fog'。
ringed: 更正式,常用于环形结构,如 'ringed by mountains',比 'surrounded' 更具体。
反义词:
isolated, separated, exposed
用法
常用于描述位置或状态,常搭配介词如 'by' 或 'with',如 'surrounded by friends'。在正式语境中用于地理或社会描述。
形式:
过去式: surrounded, 现在分词: surrounding, 名词形式: surrounding (as in surroundings)

关键句型 "a town which is surrounded by beautiful woods"

定义

此句型是一种使用关系代词 which 的定语从句结构,用于修饰前面的名词,提供额外描述。根据《剑桥英语语法》教材,定语从句以 which 引导,非限制性从句补充信息,使句子更完整。基本结构为:主句 + which + 从句,其中 which 指代前面的名词(这里是 "a town"),表示“被…包围”。

这种句型帮助连接句子,避免重复,增强描述性,适合描述地点或事物。

用法

此句型常用于描述性写作或口语中,修饰名词时提供更多细节。规则:which 后跟一个完整的从句,通常是陈述句形式。在语法体系中,它属于从句类型,与主从复合句相关。横向比较:与 "that" 引导的定语从句相比,which 常用于非限制性从句(可加逗号),而 that 多用于限制性从句;与形容词短语(如 "surrounded by woods")相比,定语从句更灵活,能包含完整谓语。

跨语法联系:它与名词短语结合,还可扩展到其他关系代词如 who(用于人)或 where(用于地点),帮助学生构建复杂句。例如,在文章中,它连接了地点的描述,与并列句(如 "On Sundays, hundreds of people come...")形成对比,展示如何用从句丰富叙述。

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括:误用 whichthat,如用 that 在非限制性从句中(应为 which);或忘记逗号,导致句子歧义。纠正建议:练习时注意上下文,如果是补充信息,用 which 并加逗号。另一个常见问题是用错主语,如 "a town which surrounds by woods"(错误,应为 "is surrounded",因为是被动语态)。

提供例句帮助区分:

错误示例:I live in a town which beautiful woods surround it.  // 结构混乱,没有正确使用从句
正确示例:I live in a town which is surrounded by beautiful woods.  // 正确使用定语从句

练习

原创例子:假设描述你的家乡,你可以说:"I visit a park which is full of colorful flowers every weekend." 学生可以替换关键词,如将 "a park" 换成 "a school which is known for its history",或将 "is full of" 换成 "has many",练习在不同场景中使用,例如写作一篇关于旅游景点的短文:"This mountain which is covered in snow attracts many visitors."

通过替换,学生能加深对句型的掌握,并应用到实际描述中,如日记或对话。

额外内容

背景知识:定语从句起源于古英语的从属结构,在现代英语中广泛用于正式写作,对比其他语言如中文(用“的”连接),英语通过 which 更精确地嵌入从句。文化背景:在英语文学中,如莎士比亚的作品,常使用此类句型增强描述力。对比分析:与法语的相对从句(如 "qui est entouré")类似,但英语的 which 更直接,不需性别变化,适合初学者。