Matterhorn man

原文

Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it and never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner with would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. They had a single aim, a solitary goal -- the top!

It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine village tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could -- sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have very hard indeed.

WALTER UNSWORTH Matterhorn Man

译文

现代登山者力求选择一条能提供良好运动的路线，而且越难，评价越高。然而，在开拓时代，这完全不是这样。早期的登山者寻找通往顶峰的最易路径，因为山顶是他们追求的奖赏，尤其是如果它从未被征服过。诚然，在探险过程中，他们常常面临极其危险的困难和险情，装备之简陋会让现代登山者一想起来就不寒而栗，但他们并没有刻意去追求这种刺激。他们只有一个目标，一个孤注一掷的追求——顶峰！

如今，我们很难想象先驱们所面临的困难。除了如采尔马特（Zermatt）和夏蒙尼（Chamonix）等一两个迅速流行起来的地方，阿尔卑斯山村通常是与文明隔绝的贫穷定居点。现有的旅馆一般又脏又闹跳蚤；食物只是当地的奶酪，配以常常有一年历史的面包，一切用粗劣的酒冲下。常常，一个山谷根本没有旅馆，登山者只好随处找 shelter——有时投宿于当地牧师家（他通常和他的教民一样贫穷），有时和牧羊人或制酪者同住。背景总是相同的：肮脏、贫穷，而且极不舒适。对于那些习惯于在家吃七道菜大餐、睡在精美亚麻床单之间的人来说，来到阿尔卑斯山的改变的确是非常艰难的。

WALTER UNSWORTH Matterhorn Man

词汇表

alpinists

名词

英:/ˈælpɪnɪsts/

美:/ˈælpənɪsts/

定义

1. 登山者 - A person who engages in mountaineering or climbing in the Alps or similar mountainous regions.

例子: Modern alpinists seek challenging routes for the thrill.

例子: Many alpinists train rigorously before attempting high peaks.

近义词

mountaineers: 更通用，指任何山地攀登者，而 'alpinists' 通常特指阿尔卑斯山区的登山者，强调技术性。

climbers: 更广泛的术语，包括岩石攀登或室内攀登，而 'alpinists' 更专注于高海拔户外登山。

hikers: 更休闲，指徒步旅行者，而 'alpinists' 暗示专业和冒险性。

反义词:

sedentary individuals, non-adventurers, city dwellers

用法

常用于描述专业登山爱好者，语境多为户外冒险或体育活动，常搭配如 'experienced alpinists'，文化背景源于阿尔卑斯山脉的登山传统。

形式:

复数: alpinists

关键句型 "The more [adj], the more [adv/adj]."

定义

这个句型用于表达两种情况之间的相关性，强调事物之间成正比的关系。结构包括：The more + [形容词] + it is, the more + [副词或形容词] + it is [verb]。例如，在文章中出现为 "the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded." 根据《剑桥英语语法》权威资源，这种句型是一种比较结构，用于突出程度上的相互影响，帮助学习者描述因果联系。

它常用于讨论变化或对比，简洁地展示“越...就越...”的逻辑关系。

用法

此句型主要用于描述正比关系，比如在登山、学习或日常生活中的场景中。规则是：在第一个从句中使用 The more 后接形容词和主语（如 it is），然后用 the more 引导第二个从句，强调结果或程度。

在语法体系中，它属于比较级结构的一部分，与简单比较级（如 "bigger than"）不同，更侧重动态变化。横向比较：与 "As... as..."（例如 "As difficult as it is"）相比，此句型强调递增关系，而非等值对比；与 "The + 比较级, the + 比较级" 类似，但更精确地处理两个变量的交互。跨语法联系：它可以与条件句结合，比如在假设情景中使用（如与 if 从句），帮助学生理解高级比较结构，并与其他表达如 "If it is more difficult, it is better" 进行对比，以突出其简洁性。

例如，在文章中，它描述了登山难度的影响，展示了这种结构的实用性。

注意事项

学生容易犯的错误包括：忽略并列结构，导致句子不完整（如只说 "The more difficult it is" 而缺少后半句）；或误用形容词和副词的形式，例如将 "highly" 错误替换为非副词（如 "high"）。纠正建议：总是确保两个部分平衡，并练习口语表达以保持流畅。另一个常见偏误是混淆与 "the less... the less..." 的区别，前者表示正比，后者表示负比。

具体例句：

错误示例：The more difficult it is, it is regarded.  // 缺少 "the more" 部分
正确示例：The more difficult the climb is, the more exciting it becomes.

记住，保持句子对称有助于避免语法错误。

练习

一个原创例子：在学习场景中，你可以说："The more you practice, the better you get at speaking English." 这贴近实际，帮助学生理解努力与进步的关系。鼓励学生替换关键词，例如将 [adj] 改为 "hard-working"，变成 "The more hard-working you are, the more successful you become."，或在登山语境中说："The more experienced the climbers are, the safer their trips are."

通过这种替换，学生能将句型应用到个人生活，如健身或工作，深化掌握。

额外内容

背景知识：这种句型源于英语中拉丁语的影响，常见于文学和正式写作中，如在古典英语小说中用于描述人物发展。对比分析：在中文中，类似表达如 "越...越..."，结构简单，但英语版本需要严格的并列从句，这增加了表达的精确性。与法语的 "plus... plus..." 类似，强调比例关系，有助于跨语言学习。通过了解这种结构，学生能更好地欣赏文章如这篇登山历史中的修辞技巧，增强对英语表达的欣赏。