Justice was done

原文

The word justice is usually associated with courts of law. We might say that justice has been done when a man's innocence or guilt has been proved beyond doubt. Justice is part of the complex machinery of the law. Those who seek it undertake an arduous journey and can never be sure that they will find it. Judges, however wise or eminent, are human and can make mistakes.

There are rare instances when justice almost ceases to be an abstract concept. Reward or punishment are meted out quite independent of human interference. At such times, justice acts like a living force. When we use a phrase like 'it serves him right', we are, in part, admitting that a certain set of circumstances has enabled justice to act of its own accord.

When a thief was caught on the premises of large jewellery store on morning, the shop assistants must have found it impossible to resist the temptation to say 'it serves him right.' The shop was an old converted house with many large, disused fireplaces and tall, narrow chimneys. Towards midday, a girl heard a muffed cry coming from behind on of the walls. As the cry was repeated several times, she ran to tell the manager who promptly rang up the fire brigade. The cry had certainly come form one of the chimneys, but as there were so many of them, the fire fighters could not be certain which one it was. They located the right chimney by tapping at the walls and listening for the man's cries. After chipping through a wall which was eighteen inches thick, they found that a man had been trapped in the chimney. As it was extremely narrow, the man was unable to move, but the fire fighters were eventually able to free him by cutting a huge hole in the wall. The sorry-looking, blackened figure that emerged, admitted at once that he had tried to break into the shop during the night but had got stuck in the chimney. He had been there for nearly ten hours. Justice had been done even before the man was handed over to the police.

译文

正义这个词通常与法庭联系在一起。我们可能会说,当一个人的清白或罪行已被无可置疑地证明时,正义便已得到伸张。正义是法律复杂机制的一部分。那些寻求它的人要经历一段艰辛的旅程,而且永远不能肯定是否能找到它。不管法官多么英明或有名,他们毕竟是人,会犯错误。

有少数情况下,正义几乎不再是个抽象概念。奖赏或惩罚完全不需人类干预而加以执行。在这种时候,正义就像一股活生生的力量。当我们说一句像“活该”这样的话时,部分地就是在承认某一组情况使得正义能够自行其是。

一天早晨,一个贼在一家大型珠宝店的店内被当场抓住,店员们一定忍不住要说一句“活该”。这家店铺是一座改建的旧房子,有很多大型的、废弃的壁炉和高大、狭窄的烟囱。快到中午时,一个女孩听到从一面墙后传来一声低沉的叫喊声。由于叫喊声又重复了几次,她跑去告诉经理,经理立刻给消防队挂了电话。叫喊声肯定是从一个烟囱里传出来的,但由于烟囱很多,消防队员不能确定是哪一个。他们通过敲打墙壁并倾听那个人的叫喊声,找到了正确的烟囱。在凿穿了一堵十八英寸厚的墙后,他们发现一个人被困在烟囱里。由于烟囱极度狭窄,那人无法动弹,但消防队员最终通过在墙上开了一个大洞,把他救了出来。从墙里钻出的那个满身黑灰、形容潦倒的人,立刻承认他夜里企图破门而入,但却卡在了烟囱里。他已经在那里待了将近十个小时了。在这个人被交给警察之前,正义就已经得到了伸张。

词汇表

justice

名词
英:/ˈdʒʌstɪs/
美:/ˈdʒʌstəs/
定义
1. 正义 - The quality of being fair and reasonable, especially in the context of law and morality.

例子: The judge ensured that justice was served in the trial.

例子: In many societies, justice is symbolized by a balanced scale.

2. 司法 - The administration of law, including the punishment of crimes.

例子: The court system is responsible for upholding justice.

例子: He dedicated his life to fighting for social justice.

近义词
fairness: 强调公正性和平等,通常用于道德或社会语境,而 'justice' 更侧重于法律体系。
equity: 更正式,常用于法律或金融领域,强调无偏见,而 'justice' 可能涉及惩罚或奖励。
righteousness: 带有道德或宗教色彩,强调道德正确性,而 'justice' 更实际地应用于制度。
反义词:
injustice, unfairness, inequity
用法
常用于法律、道德或社会语境中,如 'seek justice'(寻求正义),在正式场合使用,可能受文化背景影响,如西方法律传统。
形式:
复数: justices

关键句型 "It serves him right."

定义

此句型是一种常见的英语习语,用于表达某人因自己的行为而得到应有的报应或正义。结构为:It serves him/her/it right,其中 him/her/it 可以根据上下文替换,表示某人或某事。引用《牛津英语习语词典》,这个句型源于17世纪的英语,意思是“这是他应得的”,常用于描述因错误决定或不良行为导致的自然后果。

它是一个完整的句子,通常在非正式对话中表达满意或讽刺。

用法

此句型主要用于口语或非正式写作中,当某人经历负面结果时,表示这很公平或合理。例如,在文章中,“it serves him right”用于描述小偷被困烟囱,这是他行为的结果。规则:句型固定,不需改变动词形式;him 可以替换为 herthemyou 等代词。

在语法体系中,它属于习语表达,与其他表示结果或后果的句型相关,如 "He got what he deserved." 横向比较:与 "That's fair." 相比,It serves him right 更强调因果报应,具有讽刺意味;与 "He deserved it." 相比,它更简洁,直接用于口头表达。跨语法联系:它常与过去分词或描述事件的从句结合,如文章中的 "When we use a phrase like 'it serves him right', we are admitting that...",这可以链接到时间从句的学习,帮助学生理解习语在复杂句中的应用。

此句型在故事或叙述中很常见,能让学生体会英语的生动表达。

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括:误用为一般陈述句,如说 "It served him right" 而忽略上下文("serves" 是现在时,用于一般情况);或直接翻译成母语,导致表达不自然。纠正建议:练习在适当场景中使用,例如,当朋友犯错后说 "It serves you right for not listening." 提供具体例句:

错误示例:He is right because it served him.  // 这混淆了意思,句型应独立使用。
正确示例:It serves him right for trying to steal.  // 正确地表达报应。

另一个常见偏误是 overuse 在正式场合,导致语气不当;学生应注意场合,选择更正式的表达如 "He got his just deserts."。

练习

原创例子:想象一个朋友因为迟到而错过巴士,你可以说:"It serves him right for always being late." 学生可以替换关键词,如将 him 换成 her,并修改情境,例如:"It serves the company right for cutting corners on safety." 这能帮助学生在日常对话中应用句型,增强灵活性。通过替换动词或添加原因从句,学生能加深对句型的掌握,比如:"It serves them right for ignoring the warnings."

这种练习让学习变得有趣,并鼓励学生思考因果关系。

额外内容

背景知识:这个句型起源于英语中“serve”一词的古义,意为“对待”或“适合”,在文学如莎士比亚的作品中可见类似表达。对比分析:与中文的“活该”类似,但英语版本更委婉,常用于幽默或讽刺中;与法语的 "C'est bien fait pour lui" 相比,英语句型更简短,便于初学者记忆。了解这种习语能丰富学生的文化视野,帮助他们在阅读故事或看电影时更好地理解人物情感。

关键句型 "When + clause, main clause."

定义

此句型用于描述一个事件在另一个事件发生时的情景,结构为:When(当…时)+ 从句(通常过去时或一般时),后接 主句(描述主要动作)。根据《剑桥英语语法》,这是一种时间从句,when 引导从句,表示时间关系,常用于叙述故事或顺序事件。

例如,文章中的 "When a thief was caught...",这里 When 引导从句,连接到主句。

用法

此句型广泛用于叙述、描述或解释事件顺序,常见于故事中。规则:When 从句通常用一般过去时或过去进行时,主句根据语境调整时态;在语法体系中,它属于从句结构,与其他连接词如 afterbefore 相关。横向比较:与 If + clause(条件句)相比,When 强调时间而非假设;与 While + clause(同时发生)相比,When 更侧重于特定时刻。跨语法联系:它常与过去时态结合,如过去完成时(文章中 "When we use a phrase..."),帮助学生建立时间线的概念,并链接到其他从句如原因从句(e.g., "Because + clause"),增强句子的复杂性。

学生可以通过此句型学习如何构建连贯的叙述。

注意事项

学生常犯错误包括:时态不一致,如用现在时在 When 从句中(e.g., "When I go, I see..." 应为 "When I went, I saw...");或遗漏逗号,导致句子混乱。纠正建议:练习时确保从句和主句时态匹配,并使用逗号分隔。提供例句:

错误示例:When the man trapped, they called the fire brigade.  // 缺少过去时和逗号。
正确示例:When the man was trapped, they called the fire brigade.  // 正确使用过去时和逗号。

另一个问题是过度复杂化句型,初学者应从简单句子开始。

练习

原创例子:在描述日常生活时可以说:"When I wake up, I make coffee." 学生可以替换关键词,如将 When 后的从句改为 "When it rains," 并扩展主句,例如:"When it rains, I stay indoors and read a book." 这能帮助学生应用到实际场景,如改写文章中的句子:"When the girl heard the cry, she ran to the manager." 通过替换动词或添加细节,学生能加深对时间从句的理解和灵活使用。

这种互动练习促进语言流利性。

额外内容

背景知识:When 从句在英语中源自古英语的连接方式,用于时间表达,在现代英语故事中很常见。对比分析:与西班牙语的 "Cuando + clause" 类似,但英语更注重时态一致;与中文的“当…时候”相比,英语句型更结构化,能训练逻辑思维。学习此句型能提升学生的叙述能力,在阅读如本文章时,更容易把握事件顺序。