Justice was done

原文

The word justice is usually associated with courts of law. We might say that justice has been done when a man's innocence or guilt has been proved beyond doubt. Justice is part of the complex machinery of the law. Those who seek it undertake an arduous journey and can never be sure that they will find it. Judges, however wise or eminent, are human and can make mistakes.

There are rare instances when justice almost ceases to be an abstract concept. Reward or punishment are meted out quite independent of human interference. At such times, justice acts like a living force. When we use a phrase like 'it serves him right', we are, in part, admitting that a certain set of circumstances has enabled justice to act of its own accord.

When a thief was caught on the premises of large jewellery store on morning, the shop assistants must have found it impossible to resist the temptation to say 'it serves him right.' The shop was an old converted house with many large, disused fireplaces and tall, narrow chimneys. Towards midday, a girl heard a muffed cry coming from behind on of the walls. As the cry was repeated several times, she ran to tell the manager who promptly rang up the fire brigade. The cry had certainly come form one of the chimneys, but as there were so many of them, the fire fighters could not be certain which one it was. They located the right chimney by tapping at the walls and listening for the man's cries. After chipping through a wall which was eighteen inches thick, they found that a man had been trapped in the chimney. As it was extremely narrow, the man was unable to move, but the fire fighters were eventually able to free him by cutting a huge hole in the wall. The sorry-looking, blackened figure that emerged, admitted at once that he had tried to break into the shop during the night but had got stuck in the chimney. He had been there for nearly ten hours. Justice had been done even before the man was handed over to the police.

译文

正义这个词通常与法庭联系在一起。我们可能会说,当一个人的清白或罪行已被无可置疑地证明时,正义便已得到伸张。正义是法律复杂机制的一部分。那些寻求它的人要经历一段艰辛的旅程,而且永远不能肯定是否能找到它。不管法官多么英明或有名,他们毕竟是人,会犯错误。

有少数情况下,正义几乎不再是个抽象概念。奖赏或惩罚完全不需人类干预而加以执行。在这种时候,正义就像一股活生生的力量。当我们说一句像“活该”这样的话时,部分地就是在承认某一组情况使得正义能够自行其是。

一天早晨,一个贼在一家大型珠宝店的店内被当场抓住,店员们一定忍不住要说一句“活该”。这家店铺是一座改建的旧房子,有很多大型的、废弃的壁炉和高大、狭窄的烟囱。快到中午时,一个女孩听到从一面墙后传来一声低沉的叫喊声。由于叫喊声又重复了几次,她跑去告诉经理,经理立刻给消防队挂了电话。叫喊声肯定是从一个烟囱里传出来的,但由于烟囱很多,消防队员不能确定是哪一个。他们通过敲打墙壁并倾听那个人的叫喊声,找到了正确的烟囱。在凿穿了一堵十八英寸厚的墙后,他们发现一个人被困在烟囱里。由于烟囱极度狭窄,那人无法动弹,但消防队员最终通过在墙上开了一个大洞,把他救了出来。从墙里钻出的那个满身黑灰、形容潦倒的人,立刻承认他夜里企图破门而入,但却卡在了烟囱里。他已经在那里待了将近十个小时了。在这个人被交给警察之前,正义就已经得到了伸张。

词汇表

justice

名词
英:/ˈdʒʌstɪs/
美:/ˈdʒʌstəs/
定义
1. 正义 - The quality of being fair and reasonable, especially in the context of law and morality.

例子: The judge ensured that justice was served in the trial.

例子: In many societies, justice is symbolized by a balanced scale.

2. 司法 - The administration of law, including the punishment of crimes.

例子: The court system is responsible for upholding justice.

例子: He dedicated his life to fighting for social justice.

近义词
fairness: 强调公正性和平等,通常用于道德或社会语境,而 'justice' 更侧重于法律体系。
equity: 更正式,常用于法律或金融领域,强调无偏见,而 'justice' 可能涉及惩罚或奖励。
righteousness: 带有道德或宗教色彩,强调道德正确性,而 'justice' 更实际地应用于制度。
反义词:
injustice, unfairness, inequity
用法
常用于法律、道德或社会语境中,如 'seek justice'(寻求正义),在正式场合使用,可能受文化背景影响,如西方法律传统。
形式:
复数: justices

深入解析:关键句型 "It serves him right."

定义

这个句型是一种常见的英语习语,用于表示某人因自己的行为而得到应有的后果或报应。结构通常为:It serves [pronoun] right,其中 It 是形式主语,serves 是动词,[pronoun]himherthem 表示对象,right 强调公正或合适。权威教材如《新概念英语》中的相关章节,将其定义为一种表达道德或因果关系的句子,常用于非正式场合,突出事件的自然公正性。例如,在文章中,“it serves him right” 意味着小偷被困在烟囱里是自食其果。

用法

此句型主要用于口语或非正式写作中,表达对某人遭遇的认可或讽刺,强调因果报应。规则是:它常独立成句,或嵌入其他句子中,如 “When we use a phrase like 'it serves him right'”。在语法体系中,它属于固定表达,与情态动词或条件句相关联,例如与过去时或现在时结合使用(如 “It served him right in the past”)。跨语法点联系:它涉及第三人称单数动词 serves,并可与从句结合(如 “It serves him right because he stole something”),帮助学生从简单句过渡到复杂句结构。同时,它与习语学习相关,类似于其他表达如 “He got what he deserved”,从而建立更广泛的词汇和句型网络。

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括误用人称代词,例如说成 "It serves he right" 而非正确形式 "It serves him right",因为 him 是宾格;另一个常见偏误是将它用于正式场合,如学术写作中,这会显得不专业。纠正建议:记住 serves 后必须跟宾格代词(如 himher),并练习在对话中适时使用。避免过度字面翻译成中文的 "它为他服务正确",而应理解其隐喻含义。此外,注意语境:只在非正式对话中使用,以免引起误解或冒犯。

练习

一个额外的例子:在日常对话中,你可以说:“After cheating in the exam, it serves John right that he failed the test.” 这句帮助学生应用句型,替换 [pronoun] 为其他如 herthem,并结合背景故事练习。通过这个例子,学生可以尝试创建自己的句子,例如描述一个朋友因为不守规矩而遇到麻烦的情景,从而加深对句型的实际运用。

额外内容

背景知识:这个句型起源于17世纪的英语,源自于 "serve" 的原意(服务或对待),逐渐演变为表示公正的习语。对比分析:与中文的 "活该" 类似,但英语版本更委婉,常用于幽默或讽刺中。补充信息:掌握此句型后,学生可以扩展到其他相关表达,如 "What goes around comes around",这有助于丰富口语表达,并提升在故事或文章中的叙事能力。

深入解析:关键句型 "Justice has been done."

定义

这个句型是使用被动语态的表达,用于表示正义或公平已经实现。结构为:Subject + has/have been + past participle,具体到这个句型是 Justice + has been + done,其中 has been done 是现在完成时的被动形式。权威教材如《新概念英语》将其定义为一种描述结果或状态的句子,强调事件的完成而非谁执行了它。例如,在文章中,“justice has been done” 意味着通过事件,小偷受到了应有的惩罚。

用法

此句型常用于正式或叙述性语境中,描述法律、社会或道德结果,突出结果而非动作执行者。规则包括:使用 has/have been 表示现在完成时被动语态,必须与可变动的动词结合(如 done 来自 do)。在语法体系中,它链接到被动语态和时态系统,帮助学生理解从主动句(如 "We have done justice")到被动句的转换。跨语法点联系:它与条件句结合使用,如 “When justice has been done, we feel relieved”,并可扩展到其他时态被动语态(如过去完成时被动 “had been done”),从而构建更复杂的句子结构。

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括混淆主动和被动语态,例如说成 "We have done justice" 而忽略了强调结果的被动形式;另一个偏误是时态错误,如用 "Justice is done" 表示一般事实,而非具体完成事件。纠正建议:练习识别动词的过去分词形式,并通过重述句子来强化被动语态的使用。同时,注意在写作中正确添加助动词 has been,避免遗漏导致句子不完整。此外,提醒学生被动语态常用于未知或不重要的执行者,这在英语中很常见,但中文表达可能更倾向于主动语态。

练习

一个额外的例子:"After the trial, justice has been done for the victim." 学生可以通过这个句子练习替换主语,如 "The law has been enforced.",并尝试在上下文中使用,例如写一个短故事结尾。通过实践,这个例子帮助学生将句型应用到实际写作或对话中,强化对被动语态的掌握。

额外内容

背景知识:被动语态在英语中源于拉丁语的影响,常用于正式英语以保持客观性。对比分析:与主动语态相比,被动语态更侧重结果(如 "Justice has been done" vs. "Someone has done justice"),这在法律或新闻语境中很实用。补充信息:学习此句型后,学生可以探索更多被动语态表达,如 "Mistakes have been made",以提升在阅读和写作中的灵活性。