Funny or not?

原文

Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on were we have been brought up. The sense of humour is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics. A Frenchman, for instance, might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke. In the same way, a Russian might fail to see anything amusing in a joke witch would make an Englishman laugh to tears.

Most funny stories are based on comic situations. In spite of national differences, certain funny situations have a universal appeal. No matter where you live, you would find it difficult not to laugh at, say, Charlie Chaplin's early films. However, a new type of humour, which stems largely from the U.S., has recently come into fashion. It is called 'sick humour'. Comedians base their jokes on tragic situation like violent death or serious accidents. Many people find this sort of joke distasteful The following example of 'sick humour' will enable you to judge for yourself.

A man who had broken his right leg was taken to hospital a few weeks before Christmas. From the moment he arrived there, he kept on pestering his doctor to tell him when he would be able to go home. He dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital. Though the doctors did his best, the patient's recovery was slow. On Christmas Day, the man still had his right leg in plaster. He spent a miserable day in bed thinking of all the fun he was missing. The following day, however, the doctor consoled him by telling him that his chances of being able to leave hospital in time for New Year celebrations were good. The good. The man took heart and, sure enough, on New Years' Eve he was able to hobble along to a party. To compensate for his unpleasant experiences in hospital, the man drank a little more than was good for him. In the process, he enjoyed himself thoroughly and kept telling everybody how much he hated hospitals. He was still mumbling something about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg.

译文

我们是否觉得一个笑话好笑,主要取决于我们的成长环境。幽默感神秘地与民族特性紧密相连。例如,一个法国人可能难以对一个俄国笑话发笑。同样,一个俄国人可能看不到任何好笑之处,而那个笑话会让一个英国人笑出眼泪来。

大多数有趣的故事都是基于滑稽的情景。尽管有民族差异,某些滑稽的情景具有普遍的吸引力。不管你住在哪里,你会发现很难不对,例如,查理·卓别林的早期电影发笑。但是,一种新的幽默类型,很大程度上源于美国,最近流行起来。它被称为“病态幽默”。(注:病态幽默是一种以悲剧性事件为基础的幽默形式,常涉及暴力或事故。)喜剧演员把他们的笑话建立在悲剧性的情景上,比如暴力死亡或严重事故。许多人觉得这种笑话令人反感。下面的“病态幽默”例子将使你自己判断。

一个把右腿摔断的人在圣诞节前几周被送进医院。从他到达的那一刻起,他就不断地缠着医生告诉他什么时候能回家。他极不愿意在医院过圣诞节。虽然医生尽了最大努力,病人的恢复很慢。在圣诞节那天,这个人右腿还打着石膏。他在床上度过了一个 Miserable 的日子,想着所有他错过的乐趣。然而,第二天,医生安慰他说,他有可能在过新年庆祝活动前出院的机会很大。这个人受到了鼓舞,果然,在新年除夕那天,他能一瘸一拐地去参加一个聚会。为了补偿他在医院的不愉快经历,这个人喝了比对他有益的酒多一点。在这个过程中,他尽情地享受了自己,并不停地告诉大家他多么讨厌医院。在聚会的结尾,他还在喃喃自语着关于医院的事,这时他在一块冰上滑倒,摔断了左腿。

词汇表

humour

名词, 动词
英:/ˈhjuːmə(r)/
美:/ˈhjuːmər/
定义
1. 幽默 - The quality of being amusing or comic, especially as expressed in literature or speech.

例子: British humour often involves irony and understatement.

例子: He has a great sense of humour that makes everyone laugh.

2. 心情 - A mood or state of mind.

例子: She was in a bad humour after the argument.

例子: His humour improved once he heard the good news.

近义词
wit: 强调机智和聪明,常用于快速的言语幽默,而 'humour' 更广泛,包括视觉或文字形式。
comedy: 更侧重于娱乐形式如戏剧或表演,'humour' 可以是非正式的日常生活表达。
funny: 更口语化,常形容事物有趣,'humour' 则更抽象地指幽默感或能力。
反义词:
seriousness, gravity, solemnity
用法
常用于描述文化或个人特质中的幽默感,语境包括文学、对话或心理状态;英式英语中常用作 'humour',美式英语中常写作 'humor';常搭配如 'sense of humour'。
形式:
复数: humours, 动词过去式: humoured (英式), 形容词形式: humorous

关键句型 "Whether... depends on..."

定义

这个句型用于表达某事的结果或情况取决于其他因素,通常以 Whether 开头引导一个从句,表示条件或不确定性,然后用 depends on 连接主要原因。结构为:Whether [条件从句], [主句] depends on [原因从句]。根据《剑桥英语语法》教材,这种句型常用于讨论影响因素,强调变量之间的关系。它简洁明了,帮助学习者表达因果联系,例如文章中的 "Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on where we have been brought up"。

这个句型在英语中属于条件状语从句的范畴,常用于正式或书面语境中。

用法

此句型主要用于描述事情的结果受特定条件影响的场景,如文化、环境或个人经历。在语法体系中,它结合了条件从句(以 Whether 引导)和动词短语 depends on,后者表示依赖关系。使用规则:Whether 从句通常放在句首,主句用 depends on 加上名词或从句。

横向比较:与 "If... then..." 句型相比,Whether... depends on... 更侧重于不确定性和依赖,而非直接条件;与 "It depends on..." 相比,这个句型更正式,因为它直接整合了 Whether 从句。跨语法联系:它与条件句(如 "If I have time, I will go")相关联,还可以扩展到其他从句,如时间从句(e.g., "When it rains, it depends on how heavy it is")。

在实际应用中,这个句型适合讨论决策、偏好或结果,例如在文章中解释幽默感的文化差异。

注意事项

学生容易犯的错误包括:误用 WhetherIf,如直接用 "If we find a joke funny depends on...",这会使句子不自然;另一个常见问题是用错从句结构,例如遗漏主句或使从句不完整。纠正建议:确保 Whether 从句完整,并练习连接词的使用。具体例句:

错误示例:Whether we like the food depends where we from.
正确示例:Whether we like the food depends on where we are from.

此外,学生可能忽略 on 的必要性,或在从句中用错时态,如用现在时而非过去时。

练习

一个原创例子:"Whether you enjoy traveling depends on where you have lived before." 这个句子贴近实际生活,学生可以替换关键词,比如将 "enjoy traveling" 换成 "like music",变成 "Whether you like music depends on where you have grown up." 这样,学生能在日常对话中应用,例如讨论个人兴趣时说:"Whether I watch horror movies depends on how brave I am feeling."

通过替换练习,学生能加深对句型的掌握,并将其用于描述个人经历或文化差异。

额外内容

背景知识:这个句型源于英语中条件表达的传统,常见于哲学或社会讨论中,反映了英语对因果关系的强调。对比分析:与中文的 "是否...取决于..." 类似,但英语结构更严谨,需要从句完整。而在法语中,类似表达如 "Si... dépend de...",但英语版本更灵活,不需额外的连接词。学习此句型能帮助学生理解文化背景,如文章中提到的幽默感与国家特征的关联,进而扩展到更广泛的跨文化交流。

关键句型 "No matter where..., you would..."

定义

这个句型用于表达无论在什么情况下,结果都一样,常以 No matter where 引导让步状语从句,表示位置或条件的无关紧要,然后用 you would 表达假设或一般事实。结构为:No matter [where/when/etc. + 从句], [主句]。根据《牛津现代英语语法》,它是一种让步表达,帮助强调普遍性,如文章中的 "No matter where you live, you would find it difficult not to laugh at..."。

这个句型适合用于一般化陈述,突出某种行为的共通性。

用法

此句型常用于描述普遍适用的情况,无论条件如何,主句结果保持不变。在语法体系中,它属于让步状语从句,与其他让步表达如 Even if 相关。使用规则:No matter 后跟疑问词(如 where, when)加从句,主句常用情态动词如 would 表示假设或可能性。

横向比较:与 **Wherever..." 相比,**No matter where..." 更强调让步和无条件性;与 "Although..." 相比,它不表示对比而是强调必然结果。跨语法联系:它与情态动词句型(如 "You would find...")结合,还可扩展到其他让步从句,如 "No matter what happens, I will...",帮助学生构建更复杂的句子。

在实际中,这个句型常用于文化或普遍现象的讨论。

注意事项

学生常犯错误是忽略 No matter 的让步含义,导致句子变成简单条件句;另一个问题是时态不一致,如用 you will 而非 you would,使语气不正式。纠正建议:练习时注意情态动词的使用,并确保从句完整。具体例句:

错误示例:No matter where you live, you find it hard.
正确示例:No matter where you live, you would find it hard not to laugh.

此外,学生可能误用 No matter 与其他短语,如混淆为 "It doesn't matter where..."。

练习

一个原创例子:"No matter where you study, you would find English challenging at first." 这个句子源于日常生活,学生可以替换关键词,例如将 "study" 换成 "work",变成 "No matter where you work, you would face new challenges." 在对话中,学生可说:"No matter where you travel, you would miss home sometimes."

这种替换能让学生在分享经历时自然应用句型。

额外内容

背景知识:这个句型反映了英语中强调普遍性的传统,尤其在文学和演讲中,用于突出人类共同点。对比分析:与西班牙语的 "No importa donde..." 类似,英语版本更常用情态动词增强礼貌和假设感。通过学习此句型,学生能更好地理解文章中幽默的普遍吸引力,并扩展到其他语言,如日语的 "Doko ni ite mo...",帮助培养跨文化意识。