A skeleton in the cupboard

原文

We often read in novels how a seemingly respectable person or family has some terrible secret which has been concealed from strangers for years. The English language possesses a vivid saying to describe this sort of situation. The terrible secret is called 'a skeleton in the cupboard'. At some dramatic moment in the story, the terrible secret becomes known and a reputation is ruined. The reader's hair stands on end when he reads in the final pages of the novel that the heroine a dear old lady who had always been so kind to everybody, had, in her youth, poisoned every one of her five husbands.

It is all very well for such things to occur in fiction. To varying degrees, we all have secrets which we do not want even our closest friends to learn, but few of us have skeletons in the cupboard. The only person I know who has a skeleton in the cupboard is George Carlton, and he is very pound of the fact. George studied medicine in his youth. Instead of becoming a doctor, however, he became a successful writer of detective stories. I once spend an uncomfortable weekend which I shall never forget at his house. George showed me to the guestroom which, he said, was rarely used. He told me to unpack my things and then come down to dinner. After I had stacked my shirts and underclothes in two empty drawers, I decided to hang one of the tow suits I had brought with me in the cupboard. I opened the cupboard door and then stood in front of two suits I had brought with me in the cupboard. I opened the cupboard door and then stood in front of it suits I had brought with me in the cupboard. I opened the cupboard door and then stood in front of it petrified. A skeleton was dangling before my eyes. The sudden movement of the door made it sway slightly and it gave me the impression that it was about to leap out at me. Dropping my suit, I dashed downstairs to tell George. This was worse than "a terrible secret'; this was a read skeleton! But George was unsympathetic. 'Oh, that,' he said with a smile as if he were talking about an old friend. 'That's Sebastian. You forget that I was a medical student once upon a time.'

译文

我们常常在小说中读到,一个貌似体面的人或家庭,有某种可怕的秘密,多年来一直瞒着外人。英语中有一个生动的说法来形容这种情况。这个可怕的秘密叫做“壁橱里的骷髅”。在故事中某个戏剧性的时刻,这个可怕的秘密被揭露了,于是名誉扫地。当读者在小说的最后几页读到,女主人公——一个一向对大家非常和善的可敬老太太,在她年轻时毒死了她的五个丈夫时,不禁毛骨悚然。

这种事情发生在小说里是情有可原的。我们大家在不同程度上都有一些秘密,不愿让最亲密的朋友知道,但很少有人有“壁橱里的骷髅”。我所认识的唯一一个有“壁橱里的骷髅”的人是乔治·卡尔顿,而且他对这点颇为自豪。乔治年轻时学过医学。然而,他没有当医生,却成了一个成功的侦探小说作家。有一次,我在他家度过了一个难忘的令人不快的周末。乔治把我带到客房里,说那间房很少使用。他让我先把东西 unpack 好,然后下来吃晚饭。我把衬衫和内衣叠好放进两个空抽屉后,决定把带去的两套西服中的一套挂在壁橱里。我打开壁橱门,然后站在那里,惊呆了。一具骷髅悬挂在眼前。门的突然开启使它微微晃动了一下,给我一种它要向我扑过来的印象。我扔下西服,冲 downstairs 去告诉乔治。这比“可怕的秘密”还糟——这是一具真正的骷髅!但乔治却毫不同情。“噢,那个,”他笑着说,仿佛在谈及一个老朋友似的。“那是塞巴斯蒂安。你忘了我曾经是个医科学生了。”

词汇表

secret

名词, 形容词
英:/ˈsiːkrət/
美:/ˈsiːkrət/
定义
1. 秘密 - Something that is kept hidden from others.

例子: Everyone has a secret they don't want to share.

例子: The secret to her success was her hard work.

2. 保密的 - Not known or seen by others (as an adjective).

例子: He held a secret meeting with his team.

例子: The document contains secret information.

近义词
confidential: 强调需要保密的信息,与 'secret' 类似,但更正式,常用于官方或商业语境。
mystery: 暗示未知或需要揭开的谜团,'secret' 更侧重于故意隐藏,而 'mystery' 可能涉及好奇心。
concealment: 更侧重于隐藏的行为,'secret' 指隐藏的内容本身,与 'concealment' 相比更直接。
反义词:
public, open, revealed
用法
常用于描述个人或事件中的隐藏信息,常见搭配如 'keep a secret'(保守秘密),在小说或故事中常表示戏剧性元素。
形式:
复数: secrets, 形容词形式: secretive, 动词形式: secrete (隐藏)

深入解析:关键句型 "The terrible secret is called 'a skeleton in the cupboard'."

定义

这个句型是一种简单的定义或解释结构,通常用于介绍术语、习语或概念,形式为 Subject + is/are + called + [phrase]。例如,在文章中,“The terrible secret is called 'a skeleton in the cupboard'” 表示将一个抽象概念命名为一个特定的表达。权威教材如《新概念英语》或《剑桥英语语法》会将这种结构视为基本名词短语的扩展,用于词汇解释,核心含义是赋予事物一个名称或别称,从而使语言更生动和精确。

用法

此句型常用于描述、解释习语、术语或比喻性表达,特别是在叙述故事、文章或学术讨论中。规则是:主语(Subject)是一个名词或名词短语,后面跟 is/are(根据主语单复数变化),再加上 called,最后是引号内的短语。语法体系中,它属于简单句的变形,常与定义句相关联,帮助学生从基本句子过渡到更复杂的表达方式。例如,它可以链接到词汇学习和习语分析,与其他结构如 "X means Y" 形成对比,强调正式的命名感。在实际应用中,此句型出现在小说、新闻或对话中,用于引入文化或语言元素,增强跨文化理解。

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括:误用 called 为其他动词如 namedknown as,导致句意模糊;或者忘记使用引号来标示习语,造成阅读混乱。另一个常见偏误是主谓一致问题,例如用复数主语时忘记改 isare。纠正建议:多练习类似句子,确保引号的使用以突出习语,并通过朗读文章来强化主谓一致。同时,避免在非正式场合过度使用,以免显得生硬;学生应注意语境,如果是口语对话,可以简化为 "We call it..."。

练习

一个额外的例子:在讨论另一个习语时,你可以说:“Happiness is called 'a state of mind' in psychology.” 这个例子帮助学生应用句型,将抽象概念转化为具体表达。通过替换主语和短语,如用 "Success is called 'the key to achievement'",学生可以练习在不同上下文中使用此结构,逐步提升表达能力。

额外内容

背景知识:这种句型在英语中源于定义性语言,常用于文学和文化解释,如文章中的习语“a skeleton in the cupboard”意为隐藏的秘密。对比分析:与法语的类似结构(如 "s'appelle")不同,英语版更直接且简洁。补充信息:掌握此句型后,学生能更好地理解英语习语系统,并将其扩展到写作中,例如在作文中定义新概念,这有助于提高语言的精确性和趣味性。

深入解析:关键句型 "The reader's hair stands on end when he reads..."

定义

这个句型是一种描述性复合句,结构为 Main clause + when + subordinate clause,用于表达一个条件或时间触发的主要动作。主句如 "The reader's hair stands on end" 表示强烈的反应或惊吓,而 when 引导的从句说明触发条件。在权威教材如《新概念英语》中,这种句型被定义为时间状语从句的典型形式,核心含义是展示因果或时间相关的事件,强调情感或心理状态的转变。

用法

此句型常用于叙述故事、描述情感或事件,通常在文学或口语中表达突然的冲击或变化。规则是:主句先出现,描述结果,然后用 when 连接从句,解释原因或时机。在语法体系中,它属于状语从句的一部分,特别是时间状语从句,与其他连接词如 ifbecause 相关联,帮助学生建立句间逻辑联系。例如,它可以链接到过去时态的描述中,强化叙述技巧。在实际场景中,如小说或对话中,此句型用于增强戏剧性,学生可以通过它学习如何构建复杂句式,过渡到更高级的写作。

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括:误用 when 为其他词如 if,导致句意从时间变为条件;或者在从句中时态不一致,例如主句用过去时而从句用现在时。另一个偏误是句子过长导致结构混乱,影响可读性。纠正建议:练习时,确保时态一致(如文章中用过去时),并用逗号分隔主从句以提高清晰度。同时,注意文化语境,因为像 "hair stands on end" 这样的习语在不同语言中表达可能不同,避免直接翻译错误。

练习

一个额外的例子:在描述惊吓时,你可以说:“I scream when I see a spider.” 这个例子帮助学生理解如何用 when 连接事件,强调反应。通过修改为 "She laughs when she hears the joke.",学生可以练习在日常对话中应用此句型,强化时间状语从句的灵活性。

额外内容

背景知识:这种句型在英语文学中很常见,用于构建悬念,如文章中的惊悚描述。对比分析:与中文的类似结构(如 "当...时候")相比,英语更注重主从句的独立性。补充信息:学习此句型能帮助学生提升阅读理解,并扩展到写作中,如在日记或故事中描述个人经历,从而丰富语言表达的多样性。