A perfect alibi

原文

'At the time the murder was committed, I was travelling on the 8 o'clock train to London,' said the man.

'Do you always catch such an early train?' asked the inspector.

'Of course I do,' answered the man. 'I must be at work at 10 o'clock. My employer will confirm that I was there on time.'

'Would a later train get you to work on time?' asked the inspector.

'I suppose it would, but I never catch a later train.'

'At what time did you arrive at the station?'

'At ten to eight. I bought a paper and waited for the train.'

'And you didn't notice anything unusual?'

'Of course not.'

'I suggest,' said the inspector, 'that you are not telling the truth. I suggest that you did not catch the 8 o'clock train, but that you caught the 8.25 which would still get you to work on time. You see, on the morning of the murder, the 8 o'clock train did not run at all. It broke down at Ferngreen station and was taken off the line.'

译文

当时谋杀案发生时,我正在搭乘八点钟开往伦敦的火车,男人说道。

“你总是乘这么早的火车吗?”检查官问道。

“当然,”男人回答道,“我必须在十点钟上班。我的雇主会证实我准时到的。”

“晚一点的火车能让你准时上班吗?”检查官问道。

“我想是可以的,但我不乘晚一点的火车。”

“你什么时候到的车站?”

“七点五十五分。我买了份报纸,等着火车。”

“你没有注意到什么异常情况吗?”

“当然没有。”

“我认为,”检查官说,“你没有说实话。我认为你没有乘八点钟的火车,而是乘了八点二十五分的,那样你仍然能准时上班。你知道,谋杀案发生的那个早上,八点钟的火车根本没有开。它在芬格林车站出了故障,被撤离了线路。”

词汇表

commit

动词
英:/kəˈmɪt/
美:/kəˈmɪt/
定义
1. 犯下 - To carry out or perform an action, especially a crime or serious mistake.

例子: The suspect committed the crime in broad daylight.

例子: She committed a serious error in judgment during the meeting.

2. 承诺 - To pledge or bind oneself to a certain course or policy.

例子: The company committed to reducing its carbon footprint.

例子: He committed himself to the project despite the risks.

近义词
perpetrate: 更正式,常用于犯罪或恶行,强调实际执行行为,而 'commit' 更通用。
carry out: 强调完成任务或行动,较为中性,常用于计划或职责,而 'commit' 可能涉及情感或道德层面。
perform: 更侧重于执行任务或表演,较少负面含义,与 'commit' 在犯罪语境中的强烈性不同。
反义词:
avoid, prevent, refrain
用法
常用于法律或正式语境中描述犯罪或承诺行为,例如 'commit a crime'。需注意搭配,如及物动词后跟宾语。
形式:
过去式: committed, 现在分词: committing, 第三人称单数: commits, 复数形式不适用: N/A

关键句型 "I was travelling on the 8 o'clock train."

定义

此句型是过去进行时的典型结构,用于描述过去某个特定时间正在发生的动作。基本形式为:主语 + was/were + 动词-ing,如 I was travelling 表示说话者在过去某个时刻正在进行的活动。根据《剑桥英语语法》教材,这是一种动态描述,帮助表达背景或持续动作,强调动作的进行性而非完成。

例如,在文章中,它用于说明 alibi(不在场证明),展示过去事件的实时状态。

用法

此句型常用于叙述故事、描述过去场景或提供背景信息,尤其在对话或叙述中。规则:使用 was/were 后跟动词的现在分词形式(-ing),常与时间状语结合,如 "at the time" 或 "on the train"。

在语法体系中,它属于时态系统,与过去简单时(I travelled)形成对比。过去简单时强调完成的动作,而过去进行时突出动作的持续性。横向比较:与现在进行时(I am travelling)类似,但过去进行时用于过去;与过去完成时(I had travelled)相比,它不涉及动作在过去另一个时间点的完成,而是焦点在进行中。

跨语法点联系:它常与过去简单时结合,形成叙述结构,如 "I was travelling when the murder happened",这有助于学生理解时态的逻辑顺序,并扩展到更复杂的叙述中。

注意事项

学生容易犯的错误包括:误用时态,如用过去简单时代替(例如 "I travelled on the train",这会改变含义,显得动作已完成);或忽略时间状语,导致句子模糊。纠正建议:总是添加时间指示,如 "at that time",并练习动词的正确变形。

另一个常见问题是用非持续性动词(如 "know")与进行时搭配,这不自然。举例:

错误示例:I was knowing the answer at that moment.(应改为 I knew the answer.)
正确示例:I was travelling on the train when I saw him.

练习

原创例子:假设你在讲述个人经历,可以说:"At 8 o'clock last night, I was reading a book in my room." 学生可以替换关键词,如将 "reading a book" 改为 "watching a movie",或改变场景为 "I was walking in the park when it started raining." 这能帮助学生在日常叙述中应用句型,增强灵活性。

通过这种替换,学生能体会如何用此句型构建生动故事。

额外内容

背景知识:过去进行时起源于英语的时态演变,源自古英语的动词形式,在现代英语中用于生动描述,常见于小说和对话。对比分析:与中文的 "正在…的时候" 类似,但英语通过 "was + -ing" 结构更精确。而在法语中,类似结构是 "j'étais en train de voyager",强调持续性。学习此句型能丰富学生的叙述能力,并为高级时态如现在完成进行时铺路。