Reward for virtue

原文

My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.

He began his diet a week ago.First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate; and sweets.

Yesterday I paid him a visit. I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever.

He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk.

He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!

译文

我的朋友,休,一向很胖,可是近来情况变得很糟,他决定节食。

他一周前开始节食。首先,他开列了一张长长的单子,上面列了所有禁吃的食物。这张单子上包括休最爱吃的大部分东西:黄油、土豆、米饭、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力和糖果。

昨天我去看他。我按了门铃,并不奇怪地看到休还是那么胖。

他领我进了他的房间,急忙把一个大包裹藏在桌子下面。显然,他感到很尴尬。当我问他正在干什么时,他内疚地笑了笑,然后把包裹放在桌子上。

他解释说,他的节食计划太严格了,以致于他不得不偶尔犒劳自己一下。然后他给我看了包裹里的东西。里面有五大块巧克力和三大袋糖果!

词汇表

diet

名词, 动词
英:/ˈdaɪət/
美:/ˈdaɪət/
定义
1. 饮食计划 - A special course of food that a person restricts themselves to for weight loss or health reasons.

例子: He started a strict diet to lose weight.

例子: A balanced diet includes fruits and vegetables.

2. 节食 - To eat specific foods in a controlled way.

例子: She decided to diet after gaining weight.

例子: Many people diet before summer holidays.

近义词
regimen: 更正式,常用于医疗或健康计划,强调结构化,而 'diet' 更日常化。
fast: 强调完全或部分禁食,较 'diet' 更极端,通常短期。
meal plan: 更中性,侧重于日常膳食安排,而 'diet' 常暗示减肥目的。
反义词:
binge, indulge, overeat
用法
常用于健康和减肥语境中,名词形式常与 'on a diet' 搭配;动词形式用于描述主动行为;文化背景中,西方社会常将 diet 与生活方式改变联系。
形式:
复数: diets, 过去式: dieted, 现在分词: dieting

关键句型 "so ... that ..."

定义

"so ... that ..." 句型是一种常见的英语从句结构,用于表达一种情况或程度导致的结果,结构通常是 so + 形容词/副词 + that + 从句。例如,在文章中如 "things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet",它表示因某种程度而产生的后果。根据《剑桥英语语法》教材,这种句型强调因果关系,其中 so 修饰形容词或副词,that 引导结果状语从句,帮助连接主句和从句,使句子更流畅自然。

这个句型常用于描述强烈的情绪、变化或影响,让学习者能清晰地表达“因为……所以……”的逻辑关系。它是英语中状语从句的一部分,适合初学者在日常对话或写作中使用。

用法

"so ... that ..." 主要用于表示结果或后果的场景,比如描述某事物的极端程度导致了特定行为。在语法体系中,它属于状语从句的范畴,与其他表示原因的结构如 "because" 或 "so that"(用于目的)有密切联系,但重点在于结果而非原因。

具体规则:so 后跟形容词(如 "so bad")或副词(如 "so quickly"),然后是 that 引导的从句,这个从句通常用陈述语气。横向比较:与 "because ..." 相比,"so ... that ..." 更强调结果的强度(例如,"Because it was bad, he decided." 更直接描述原因,而 "It was so bad that he decided." 突出程度的极端);与 "such ... that ..." 相比,"so ... that ..." 用于形容词或副词,而 "such ... that ..." 用于名词(如 "such a bad situation that..."),这帮助学生区分使用场景。

跨语法点联系:它常与过去时或现在时结合(如文章中的过去时),并可扩展到条件句或虚拟语气中。例如,学习者可以将其与 "if ... then ..." 比较,以理解不同因果表达的细微差异。这种句型在叙述故事时特别有用,能让句子更生动。

注意事项

学生在使用这个句型时,容易犯的错误包括:错误放置 sothat 的顺序(如说 "that so bad things got",这会让句子混乱);或者在 that 从句中用错时态,例如用现在时代替过去时(如 "It is so bad that he decides",但在叙述过去事件时应为 "was so bad that he decided")。纠正建议:总是先确认 so 后跟的词是形容词或副词,然后确保 that 从句的时态与主句一致。提供具体例句帮助加深理解:

错误示例:He was so tired he slept all day.  (缺少 "that",使句子不完整)
正确示例:He was so tired that he slept all day.  (完整表达结果)

另一个常见偏误是过度使用,导致句子冗长;建议在写作中保持简洁,并练习在口语中自然过渡。

练习

一个原创的贴近实际场景的例子是:"The weather was so hot that we decided to go swimming at the beach." 这个句子可以帮助学生理解句型在日常生活中的应用,比如谈论天气或个人经历。鼓励学生替换关键词来加深掌握,例如,将 "hot" 换成 "cold" 变成 "The weather was so cold that we decided to stay indoors.",或将 "we decided to go swimming" 换成 "I had to cancel my plans",这样他们可以在不同情境中练习,如描述旅行或健康问题,就像文章中Hugh的减肥故事。

通过这种替换,学生能逐步构建自己的句子,增强自信并应用到真实对话中。

额外内容

背景知识:这个句型起源于英语中强调对比和结果的传统,早在中古英语时期就已存在,常用于文学和口语中,以突出戏剧性。对比分析:与中文的 "如此……以至于……" 类似,英语的 "so ... that ..." 更注重结构上的精确,而法语中的 "si ... que ..." 则需要动词变位,英语版本相对简单,更适合初学者。了解这个句型还能扩展到其他语言学习,例如西班牙语的 "tan ... que ...",帮助学生看到跨语言的共性,从而丰富对英语表达的欣赏。