西瓜英语

Through the forest

原文

Mrs. Anne Sterling did not think of the risk she was taking when she ran through a forest after two men.

They had rushed up to her while she was having a picnic at the edge of a forest with her children and tried to steal her handbag. In the struggle, the strap broke and, with the bag in their possession, both men started running through the trees.

Mrs. Sterling got so angry that she ran after them. She was soon out of breath, but she continued to run.

When she caught up with them, she saw that they had sat down and were going through the contents of the bag, so she ran straight at them. The men got such a fright that they dropped the bag and ran away.

'The strap needs mending,' said Mrs. Sterling later, 'but they did not steal anything.'

译文

安·斯特林夫人没有考虑到她追赶那两个男人穿过森林所冒的风险。

他们在她和孩子们在森林边上野餐时，突然冲到她面前，试图偷她的手提包。在挣扎中，手提包的带子断了，那两个男人拿着包开始往树林里跑。

安·斯特林夫人气得追了上去。她很快就气喘吁吁了，但她还是继续跑。

当她赶上他们时，她看到他们已经坐下来，正在翻包里的东西，于是她直冲过去。那两个男人吓了一跳，扔下包就跑了。

“带子需要修一修，”安·斯特林夫人后来说，“但他们什么也没偷走。”

词汇表

risk

名词, 动词
英:/rɪsk/
美:/rɪsk/
定义
1. 风险 - A situation involving exposure to danger.

例子: Taking that path through the forest involved a certain risk.

例子: She was aware of the risk but decided to chase the thieves.

2. 冒险 - To expose someone or something to danger (as a verb).

例子: He chose to risk his safety for the sake of his belongings.

例子: Don't risk driving in bad weather if you can avoid it.

近义词
hazard: 强调潜在的危险或意外，常用于正式语境，如安全评估中，与 'risk' 类似但更侧重于外部因素。
peril: 更强烈地表示严重的危险，常用于文学或戏剧性描述中，与 'risk' 相比更具情感张力。
danger: 直接表示威胁，与 'risk' 的概率性含义不同，更专注于即时威胁。
反义词:
safety, security, certainty
用法
常用于描述潜在危险的场景，常见搭配如 'take a risk' 或 'at risk'，在商业、日常对话和新闻中广泛使用，语境可能涉及决策或警告。
形式:
复数: risks, 动词过去式: risked, 动词-ing形式: risking, 形容词形式: risky (意为冒险的)

关键句型 "so ... that ..."

定义

"so ... that ..." 是一种常见的英语句型，用于表达因果关系，强调一个原因导致的结果。结构通常是：so + 形容词/副词 + that + 从句，表示“如此……以至于……”。例如，在文章中，“The men got such a fright that they dropped the bag and ran away.” 这里，so 后跟 "such a fright"，连接结果从句。权威来源如《剑桥英语语法手册》指出，这种句型是结果状语从句的典型形式，用于突出程度和后果，让句子更生动和逻辑清晰。

它常用于描述强烈的情绪或情况，帮助学习者表达因果联系。

用法

这个句型主要用于口语和书面语中，描述某事物的程度导致了特定结果。例如，在日常对话中，你可以说 "It was so hot that we had to stay indoors." 表示高温导致的行动。规则是：so 后接形容词（如 "so tired"）或副词（如 "so quickly"），有时用 such 加名词（如 "such a surprise"），然后是 that 引导的结果从句。

在语法体系中，它属于状语从句的一部分，与其他从句如时间状语从句（"when"）或条件状语从句（"if"）相关。横向比较：与 "because" 句型相比，"so ... that ..." 更强调结果的强度，而 "because" 焦点在原因上；与 "too ... to ..." 相比，"so ... that ..." 表达积极或消极的结果，而 "too ... to ..." 常表示无法实现的事（如 "too tired to walk"）。这种比较帮助学生理解句型的微妙差异，例如 "so ... that ..." 可以用于正面场景，如 "He studied so hard that he passed the exam."

跨语法联系：它常与过去时或现在时结合，学生可以扩展到其他连接词如 "so that" 用于目的（但后者更正式），从而建立更全面的从句知识。

注意事项

学生容易犯的错误包括： misuse so 和 such 的搭配，例如说 "so a big house that..." 而应为 "such a big house that..."；或者遗漏 that，直接说 "so tired we couldn't move"，这在非正式口语中可行，但正式写作中需要完整。纠正建议：记住 so 用于形容词/副词，such 用于名词短语，并通过练习区分。另一个常见偏误是时态不一致，如在结果从句中使用未来时，而主句是过去时；例如，错误地说 "I was so happy that I will dance." 应改为 "I was so happy that I danced."

提供具体例句：

错误示例：The weather was so bad we can't go out.  (时态错误，应使用过去时)
正确示例：The weather was so bad that we couldn't go out.

练习

一个原创的贴近实际场景的例子是：在描述一次冒险时说："I ran so fast that I caught up with the bus." 这模仿了文章中Mrs. Sterling追赶小偷的情景。学生可以替换关键词，比如把 "ran so fast" 改为 "studied so hard"，变成 "I studied so hard that I got an A on the test." 鼓励学生在日常对话中应用，例如分享个人经历："The movie was so exciting that I watched it twice."

通过这种替换练习，学生能加深对句型的掌握，并学会在不同语境中灵活使用。

额外内容

背景知识："so ... that ..." 起源于古英语的因果表达，常见于文学和故事中，如莎士比亚的作品，用于增强叙事张力。对比分析：与中文的 "如此……以至于……" 类似，但英语更注重结构精确；在法语中，类似结构是 "si ... que ..."，强调程度。了解这些可以帮助学生从文化角度欣赏英语的表达方式，例如在英语故事中，这种句型常用于制造悬念，如文章中的追赶场景。额外信息：学习此句型还能连接到写作技巧，如在作文中用它来丰富描述，避免单调的句子。