Everything except the weather

原文

My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country.

He had no sooner returned than he bought a house and went to live there. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold.

After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. He acted as if he had never lived in England before. In the end, it was more than he could bear. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country.

The dream he had had for so many years ended there. Harrison had thought of everything except the weather.

译文

我的老朋友哈里森在返回英国之前,在地中海地区住了许多年。他常常梦想着在英国退隐,并且计划在乡下定居。

他刚一回到英国,就买了一所房子,并到那里去住。几乎是立刻,他就开始抱怨天气了,因为即使还是夏天,天却下个不停,而且常常冷得刺骨。

在经历了这么多年的阳光之后,哈里森大吃一惊。他表现得好像从未在英国住过似的。最终,这真是他所不能忍受的。他还没有来得及安顿下来,就把房子卖掉,离开了这个国家。

他怀有这么多年的梦想就在这里结束了。哈里森想到了一切,除了天气。

词汇表

dreamed

动词
英:/driːmd/
美:/driːmd/
定义
1. 做梦;梦想 - To have thoughts and images while sleeping, or to imagine something desired.

例子: He dreamed of retiring in a peaceful place.

例子: As a child, she dreamed about becoming a doctor.

近义词
imagined: 强调基于想象力的创造,'dreamed' 更侧重于潜意识或愿望,而 'imagined' 可能更主动和清醒。
fantasized: 更不切实际,常用于不现实的幻想,'dreamed' 则可以是积极或现实的愿望。
envisioned: 更正式,常用于计划或视觉化未来,'dreamed' 带有更多情感和非正式色彩。
反义词:
forgot, ignored, dismissed
用法
常用于描述睡眠中的梦境或对未来的憧憬,常见搭配如 'dream of/about something',在非正式语境中表达个人愿望。
形式:
原形: dream, 过去式: dreamed (或 dreamt 在英式英语中), 过去分词: dreamed, 复数: dreams (作为名词)

关键句型 "had no sooner ... than ..."

定义

此句型用于表达一种紧接发生的动作,意思是“刚…就…”,强调两个事件之间的极短间隔。结构为:had no sooner + 过去分句 + than + 另一个过去分句。根据《剑桥英语语法大全》,这是一个高级表达方式,常用于叙述过去事件,突出事件的迅速 succession(相继)。例如,在文章中:“He had no sooner returned than he bought a house.” 这里,had no sooner 表示“刚返回”,than 引导的从句表示立即后续的动作。

此句型通常与过去完成时结合使用,使叙述更生动和精确。

用法

此句型主要用于描述过去事件的快速序列,常出现在故事、传记或叙述性文章中。规则是:主句使用 had no sooner + 过去完成时动词 + than + 从句(通常是简单过去时)。在语法体系中,它属于时间状语从句的范畴,与其他表示时间顺序的结构如 "as soon as" 或 "when" 相关联。

横向比较:与 "as soon as" 相比,had no sooner ... than ... 更强调事件的突然性和紧迫感,例如 "As soon as he returned, he bought a house" 较为中性,而 had no sooner returned than he bought a house 突出“刚一返回就买了”。与 "hardly ... when ..." 类似,二者都表示快速发生,但 had no sooner ... than ... 常用于正式文体,而 hardly ... when ... 更口语化。跨语法联系:它涉及过去完成时和连接词 than,学生可将其与条件句或时间从句(如 "after" 或 "before")比较,以理解英语中时间表达的多样性。

总之,此句型在增强叙述的戏剧性方面非常有效,尤其在文学或故事中。

注意事项

学生容易犯的错误包括:误用时态,例如用简单过去时代替过去完成时(如 "He no sooner returned than he bought",正确应为 "had no sooner");或将 than 误用为 when,导致意思模糊。纠正建议:记住 had no sooner 必须与过去完成时搭配,并练习在上下文中使用。另一个常见偏误是忽略句子结构的平衡,例如主从句不平行(如 "He had no sooner returned than buys a house"),应确保从句也用过去时。

具体例句:

错误示例:He no sooner returned than he buy a house.  // 错误:缺少 had 和时态一致
正确示例:He had no sooner returned than he bought a house.  // 正确:强调立即后续

在实际应用中,注意语调和节奏,以避免句子显得过于正式而生硬。

练习

一个原创例子:假设一个朋友刚结束旅行,你可以说:“She had no sooner arrived home than she started unpacking her bags.” 这贴近生活场景,如旅行归来后的忙碌。学生可以替换关键词,例如将 "arrived home" 换成 "finished work",变成:“He had no sooner finished work than he called his family.” 这样,学生能在日常对话中练习,例如描述个人经历或讲故事,借此加深对句型的掌握,并尝试用它来表达自己的生活事件,如快速决策的时刻。

通过这种替换,学生能更好地体会句型的灵活性。

额外内容

背景知识:此句型源于18世纪英语文学,如在狄更斯的作品中常见,用于营造紧张氛围。文化背景上,英语中强调时间的精确性,反映了西方文化对效率的重视。对比分析:与中文的“刚…就…”类似,但英语版本更结构化;与法语的"à peine ... que ..." 相仿,都突出快速转变。然而,英语的此句型需要严格的时态匹配,这点比其他语言更复杂。学习它能帮助学生在阅读英语小说时更易理解情节发展,同时为高级写作打下基础。